The present invention provides for nutrient extraction and recovery devices that use the Donnan Membrane Principle (DMP) to cause spontaneous separation of dissolved ions along electrochemical potential gradients, wherein anions and cations such as H.sub.2PO.sub.4.sup.?, HPO.sub.4.sup.2?, PO.sub.4.sup.3?, Mg.sup.2+, Ca.sup.2+, NH.sub.4.sup.+, and K.sup.+ are moved from manure containing waste streams through cation and anion exchange membranes into a recovery stream thereby precipitating target compounds including but not limited to struvite, potassium struvite and hydroxyapatite.

Polyphosphate compositions are produced by a process that includes the steps of continuously introducing a phosphate compound into a polymerization vessel, polymerizing the phosphate compound at a temperature of 250-450? C. for a time period sufficient to form the polyphosphate composition, and continuously discharging the polyphosphate composition from the polymerization vessel. The phosphate compound can be fed to the polymerization vessel in the form of an aqueous slurry containing 5-50 wt. % of the phosphate compound. Resulting polyphosphate compositions often contain at least 8 wt. % of a polyphosphate and less than 35 wt. % of the phosphate compound.

The present invention provides a method for recovery of phosphate, in the form of magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP), from a process for treating a biomass material which process comprises a digestion step performed in a digestion tank and includes a pre-treatment step employing a thermal hydrolysis, characterised in that a magnesium source is added to the material in the process flow before said flow enters the digestion tank, and phosphate is recovered as MAP as an integral part of a solid or semi-solid digestate product from the digestion tank.

A composite-coated lithium iron phosphate in a three-dimensional nanonetwork layered structure and a preparation method therefor, and a lithium ion battery, wherein a composite is prepared by compounding a conducting polymer, graphene and a carbon nano tube. The preparation method for the coated lithium iron phosphate comprises the following steps: doping the composite and anhydrous ferric phosphate in situ in the process of preparing the anhydrous ferric phosphate, serving as a lithium iron phosphate precursor, then mixing the composite in-situ doped anhydrous ferric phosphate, a lithium source, a traditional carbon material and a solvent to obtain slurry, spray drying the slurry, and calcining to obtain the composite-coated lithium iron phosphate in a three-dimensional nanonetwork layered structure. The preparation method is simple and has a wide raw material source, low cost and very broad practical application prospect. Serving as an anode material of the lithium ion battery, the coated lithium iron phosphate has higher electrical conductivity and cycling stability, and more excellent comprehensive electrochemical performance.

A tobacco smoking mixture and/or a cigarette wrapper with high-temperature ammonia-release agents therein are provided, wherein the high-temperature ammonia-release agents are present in an amount effective to reduce the cytotoxicity of gas phase or particulate matter formed during smoking of the cigarette. The high-temperature ammonia-release agents can be formed by heating an aqueous mixture of an iron precursor compound, an ammonia source compound and an acid.

Methods and systems for removal and recovery of phosphorus from wastewater and producing inorganic phosphorus complexes including digestate recycle.

A cathode material which does not easily deteriorate when used in batteries, a method for producing cathode materials, a cathode, and a lithium ion battery are provided. A cathode material including a cathode active material, in which the cathode active material is expressed by Li.sub.1+xA.sub.yD.sub.zPO.sub.4 (here, A represents one or more metal elements selected from the group consisting of Co, Mn, Ni, Fe, Cu, and Cr, D represents one or more metal elements selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ti, Zn, B, Al, Ga, In, Si, Ge, Sc, Y, and rare earth elements, 0<x<1, 0<y<1, 0z<1.5, and 0.9<y+z1), and, in thermogravimetric analysis in an inert gas atmosphere, when a temperature is increased in a temperature range from 100 C. to 300 C. at a temperature-increase rate of 10 C./minute, a weight loss ratio in the temperature range is 0.3% by weight or less.

The present invention provides a cost-effective method of synthesizing phosphate salt of a metal such as Fe and Mn that can be used for electrode active material of a lithium secondary battery. A precipitation reaction is first carried out to produce a solid salt of the metal having a lower valence value, e.g. Fe(II) and Mn(II). The solid salt is then purified before it is oxidized to form the target phosphate salt of the metal having a higher valence value, e.g. Fe(III) and Mn(III). The invention exhibits numerous technical merits such as easier operation, higher purity, and less consumption of washing water, among others.

Methods and compositions for chemical drying and for producing struvite.

Disclosed is a method of preparing a cathode electrode material for a secondary battery, including a hydrate precursor preparation step of preparing a manganese phosphate hydrate precursor using a coprecipitation process, a synthetic powder preparation step of preparing a synthetic powder by mixing the manganese phosphate hydrate precursor in a powder form with lithium phosphate and carbon, an oxide material powder preparation step of preparing a lithium manganese phosphate oxide material powder by milling and annealing the synthetic powder, a composite powder preparation step of preparing a composite powder by mixing the lithium manganese phosphate oxide material powder with a Li.sub.2MnO.sub.3-based cathode material, and a slurry preparation step of preparing a slurry by mixing the composite powder with a conductor and a binder.