A nuclear fuel element for use in a nuclear reactor may include a plurality of metal fuel sheaths extending along a longitudinal fuel element axis and spaced apart from each other, the plurality of fuel sheaths comprising a first fuel sheath having an inner surface, an opposing outer surface and a hollow interior configured to receive nuclear fuel material. A carbon coating may be on the inner surface of the first fuel sheath. The carbon coating may include more than 99.0% wt of a carbon material including more than 20% wt of carbon nanotubes and less than about 0.01% wt of organic contaminants.

A method of producing diamonds comprises the steps of producing a carbonaceous powder comprising nano-structured carbonaceous material and a transition metal and thermally treating the powder. The carbonaceous powder is produced by electrochemical erosion of graphite in a molten salt, the transition metal being incorporated into the carbonaceous powder during the electrochemical erosion. The step of thermally treating the carbonaceous powder is carried out in a non-oxidising atmosphere at a temperature of between 350 C. and 300 C., at a pressure of lower than 1 GPa. The method allows diamond to be produced at low pressures and low temperatures.

Disclosed is a method for manufacturing a vertically-growing open carbon nanotube thin film. The method comprises: grinding the surface of a ceramic film by using metallographical sandpaper, performing ultrasonic cleaning by using acetone and performing boiling with water, and performing drying to obtain a ceramic film substrate; dissolving a catalyst ferrocene in a carbon source dimethylbenzene in an ultrasonic manner, and adding a carbon nanotube growth promoting agent thiophene to form a mixed solution; putting the ceramic film substrate in a tubular furnace reactor, introducing nitrogen, and slowly injecting the mixed solution at a constant speed to perform a high-temperature vapor deposition reaction; and further performing plasma etching and nitric acid reflux heating treatment to open closed ends of carbon nanotubes, and removing catalyst particles on the carbon nanotube thin film to obtain the open carbon nanotube thin film that is highly vertically aligned. The process of the present invention is simple, practical and low in cost, and the density and the shape of the carbon nanotube thin film can be controlled by changing condition parameters. The prepared carbon nanotube thin film can be widely applied in the fields of gas purification and storage, heat conduction, electric conduction, catalyst carriers and the like, and has good application prospects.

A method for producing catalyst particles is disclosed and includes forming a solution including a solvent and a material including catalyst material, wherein the material including catalyst material is dissolved or emulsified in the solvent; aerosolizing the formed solution to produce droplets including the material including catalyst material; and treating the droplets to produce catalyst particles or intermediate catalyst particles from the material including catalyst material comprised in the droplets. A method for producing nanomaterials, an apparatus, a catalyst particle and a solution droplet for the production of a catalyst particle are also disclosed.

A composition comprising at least one high-density graphene-based monolith, said monolith comprising a three-dimensional structure of graphene sheets crosslinked by covalent carbon bonds and having a density of at least 0.1 g/cm.sup.3. Also provided is a method comprising: preparing a reaction mixture comprising a suspension and at least one catalyst, said suspension selected from a graphene oxide (GO) suspension and a carbon nanotube suspension; curing the reaction mixture to produce a wet gel; drying the wet gel to produce a dry gel, said drying step is substantially free of supercritical drying and freeze drying; and pyrolyzing the dry gel to produce a high-density graphene-based monolith. Exceptional combinations of properties are achieved including high conductive and mechanical properties.

Disclosed is an apparatus for manufacturing carbon nanotube fibers, which includes: a synthesis furnace that provides a space therein where a carbon nanotube fiber is synthesized; a raw material supplier that supplies a liquid-state raw material for a carbon nanotube into the synthesis furnace; a gas supplier that supplies a carrying gas into the synthesis furnace; a sub-synthesis furnace that is formed in the shape of a pipe and disposed at the upper portion in the synthesis furnace, and in which the raw material for a fiber flows along the inner side; a nozzle that sprays the raw material for a fiber supplied by the raw material supplier to the inner wall of the sub-synthesis furnace; and a heater that disposed along the outer side of the synthesis furnace.

Disclosed herein are materials and a micro-LED display with carbon-based light-emitting materials, carbon quantum dots, that are made by a solvothermal synthesis of a mixture of aromatic amino acid, 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine (LDOPA), and urea in dimethylformamide (DMF). The mixture is heated in a sealed pressure reactor at a temperature, ranging from 120 degrees Celsius to 350 degrees Celsius, for 4-24 hours. The product is then purified to collect the solid powder. The purified CDs can be dissolved in an acrylate monomer solution or a polymer solution for material delivery and curing process on a target substrate for the applications, including light-emitting devices or sensors.

Disclosed herein are materials and a micro-LED display with carbon-based light-emitting materials, carbon quantum dots, that are made by a solvothermal synthesis of a mixture of aromatic amino acid, 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine (LDOPA), and urea in dimethylformamide (DMF). The mixture is heated in a sealed pressure reactor at a temperature, ranging from 120 degrees Celsius to 350 degrees Celsius, for 4-24 hours. The product is then purified to collect the solid powder. The purified CDs can be dissolved in an acrylate monomer solution or a polymer solution for material delivery and curing process on a target substrate for the applications, including light-emitting devices or sensors.

The object of the present invention is to provide a production method and a production apparatus for a thin film of aligned carbon nanotubes. The present invention relates to a production method for an aligned carbon nanotube film having a film thickness of less than 1000 nm, including a step of causing a part of a dispersion solvent liquid of a carbon nanotube dispersion liquid to permeate to a lower surface side of a filter paper while causing the carbon nanotube dispersion liquid to flow in one direction on an upper surface of the filter paper, and a production apparatus that can be used for said method.

The object of the present invention is to provide a production method and a production apparatus for a thin film of aligned carbon nanotubes. The present invention relates to a production method for an aligned carbon nanotube film having a film thickness of less than 1000 nm, including a step of causing a part of a dispersion solvent liquid of a carbon nanotube dispersion liquid to permeate to a lower surface side of a filter paper while causing the carbon nanotube dispersion liquid to flow in one direction on an upper surface of the filter paper, and a production apparatus that can be used for said method.