A probe structure is provided with: a holding plate which has a first surface and a second surface in which at least the first surface is insulated; a plurality of electrodes which are formed on the first surface of the holding plate in such a state that the plurality of electrodes is separated from each other; and carbon nanotube structures which are erected on the electrodes 3. The holding plate is provided with through holes which correspond to the electrodes, respectively.

A probe structure is provided with: a holding plate which has a first surface and a second surface in which at least the first surface is insulated; a plurality of electrodes which are formed on the first surface of the holding plate in such a state that the plurality of electrodes is separated from each other; and carbon nanotube structures which are erected on the electrodes 3. The holding plate is provided with through holes which correspond to the electrodes, respectively.

A nuclear fuel element for use in a nuclear reactor may include a plurality of metal fuel sheaths extending along a longitudinal fuel element axis and spaced apart from each other, the plurality of fuel sheaths comprising a first fuel sheath having an inner surface, an opposing outer surface and a hollow interior configured to receive nuclear fuel material. A carbon coating may be on the inner surface of the first fuel sheath. The carbon coating may include more than 99.0% wt of a carbon material including more than 20% wt of carbon nanotubes and less than about 0.01% wt of organic contaminants.

A nuclear fuel element for use in a nuclear reactor may include a plurality of metal fuel sheaths extending along a longitudinal fuel element axis and spaced apart from each other, the plurality of fuel sheaths comprising a first fuel sheath having an inner surface, an opposing outer surface and a hollow interior configured to receive nuclear fuel material. A carbon coating may be on the inner surface of the first fuel sheath. The carbon coating may include more than 99.0% wt of a carbon material including more than 20% wt of carbon nanotubes and less than about 0.01% wt of organic contaminants.

The present invention discloses a method for synthesizing graphene by eliminating one or more functional groups from a 1D carbon allotropes of graphene having a lattice structure selected from an orthorhombic system, a monoclinic system, and a triclinic system. The present invention discloses a method for synthesizing graphene by eliminating one or more functional groups from a network of one or more 1D nanostructures having a lattice structure formed by an asymmetric structural unit (CxHyF) where x=6, or 7, 3<=y<=9 and F is one or more functional group.

The present invention discloses a method for synthesizing graphene by eliminating one or more functional groups from a 1D carbon allotropes of graphene having a lattice structure selected from an orthorhombic system, a monoclinic system, and a triclinic system. The present invention discloses a method for synthesizing graphene by eliminating one or more functional groups from a network of one or more 1D nanostructures having a lattice structure formed by an asymmetric structural unit (CxHyF) where x=6, or 7, 3<=y<=9 and F is one or more functional group.

Provided is a production method for a thin film containing a conductive carbon material, the method including a step for applying a coating liquid which contains a conductive carbon material such as carbon nanotubes using a gravure coater or a die coater at an application speed of 20 m/minute or higher.

Provided is a production method for a thin film containing a conductive carbon material, the method including a step for applying a coating liquid which contains a conductive carbon material such as carbon nanotubes using a gravure coater or a die coater at an application speed of 20 m/minute or higher.

Provided is a carbon film including: a plurality of fibrous carbon nanostructures; and a conductive carbon, wherein the plurality of fibrous carbon nanostructures has a BET specific surface area of 500 m.sup.2/g or more. Also provided is a method of producing a carbon film, the method including mixing a conductive carbon into a fibrous carbon nanostructure dispersion liquid containing a plurality of fibrous carbon nanostructures having a BET specific surface area of 500 m.sup.2/g or more, a dispersant, and a solvent, and subsequently removing the solvent to form a carbon film.

Provided is a carbon film including: a plurality of fibrous carbon nanostructures; and a conductive carbon, wherein the plurality of fibrous carbon nanostructures has a BET specific surface area of 500 m.sup.2/g or more. Also provided is a method of producing a carbon film, the method including mixing a conductive carbon into a fibrous carbon nanostructure dispersion liquid containing a plurality of fibrous carbon nanostructures having a BET specific surface area of 500 m.sup.2/g or more, a dispersant, and a solvent, and subsequently removing the solvent to form a carbon film.