Nano-sized delivery vehicles utilize carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for the generic, targeted and passive transport of biomolecules into plant cells. Plant cells are transfected by adsorbing a charged biomolecular cargo on carbon nanotubes by electrostatic grafting or by dialysis-based pi-pi stacking grafting or by probe-tip sonication of complementary nucleic acid strands; and introducing into the cell the cargo-adsorbed nanotubes.

Provided is a fibrous carbon nanostructure that is easy to surface modify. A peak of a temperature derivative curve that is a first derivative curve of a thermogravimetric curve obtained by thermogravimetric analysis of the fibrous carbon nanostructure in a dry air atmosphere has a full width at half maximum of not less than 38° C. and less than 90° C., and a high-temperature-side temperature at a height equivalent to 1/10 of the peak top height of the peak is 658° C. or higher.

Provided is a fibrous carbon nanostructure that is easy to surface modify. A peak of a temperature derivative curve that is a first derivative curve of a thermogravimetric curve obtained by thermogravimetric analysis of the fibrous carbon nanostructure in a dry air atmosphere has a full width at half maximum of not less than 38° C. and less than 90° C., and a high-temperature-side temperature at a height equivalent to 1/10 of the peak top height of the peak is 658° C. or higher.

The embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a method and apparatus for producing a carbon nanomaterial product (CNM) product that may comprise carbon nanotubes and various other allotropes of nanocarbon. The method and apparatus employ a consumable carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) and a renewable carbonate electrolyte as reactants in an electrolysis reaction in order to make CNTs. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, operational conditions of the electrolysis reaction may be varied in order to produce the CNM product with a greater incidence of a desired allotrope of nanocarbon or a desired combination of two or more allotropes.

A method encapsulates nanoscale material by producing a suspension of the nanostructure material in a first solvent using a micelle surrounding the nanostructure material. The micelle surrounding the suspended nanostructure material is swollen by adding to and mixing with the suspension an immiscible phase second solvent containing a precursor. The precursor is then reduced by adding a reducing reactant selectively soluble in the first solvent that reacts to the precursor containing reactant selectively solvated in the second solvent to encapsulate the nanostructure material. A metal-nanostructure composite can be provided by collecting and mixing the metal-shell encapsulated nanostructure product produced by the aforementioned method into a metal matrix.

A method encapsulates nanoscale material by producing a suspension of the nanostructure material in a first solvent using a micelle surrounding the nanostructure material. The micelle surrounding the suspended nanostructure material is swollen by adding to and mixing with the suspension an immiscible phase second solvent containing a precursor. The precursor is then reduced by adding a reducing reactant selectively soluble in the first solvent that reacts to the precursor containing reactant selectively solvated in the second solvent to encapsulate the nanostructure material. A metal-nanostructure composite can be provided by collecting and mixing the metal-shell encapsulated nanostructure product produced by the aforementioned method into a metal matrix.

A method of producing an electromagnetic wave shielding sheet by which an electromagnetic wave shielding sheet having a high shielding property against an electromagnetic wave and having low cost is produced. The method of producing an electromagnetic wave shielding sheet includes; preparing a dispersion containing carbon nanotubes, an inorganic pigment, carboxymethyl cellulose, and water; and drying the dispersion. In the dispersion, a ratio of a mass of the inorganic pigment to a mass of the carbon nanotubes is 1/4 or more and 1 or less

The present disclosure discloses a device and a method for preparing a high-density aligned carbon nanotube film. The device includes a container main body, a buffer partition plate and a solvent lead-out part. The buffer partition plate is located at a lower part of the container main body. The solvent lead-out part communicates with an interior of the container main body through a through hole in a side wall of the container main body and extends to an outside of the container main body. The method includes injecting a carbon nanotube solution into a container; immersing a substrate in the carbon nanotube solution; injecting a sealing liquid that is immiscible with the carbon nanotube solution along the substrate or the side wall of the container main body; and leading the solvent out or pulling the substrate such that the liquid surface of the substrate undergoes relative motion.

The present disclosure describes several embodiments for methods of deagglomerating, debundling, and dispersing carbon nanotubes and functionalizing such carbon nanotubes without damage to the properties of the carbon nanotubes. The embodiments include methods for determining optimized conditions to effectively produce master batches of carbon nanotube polymers and solvent systems; determining what moieties or chemistries effectively disperse carbon nanotubes without deleterious effect upon electrical properties of a resulting composite; determining the most efficient processes for introducing dispersants to carbon nanotubes; determining surface characteristics of carbon nanotubes induced by deagglomerating, debundling, and dispersion processes; evaluating properties (such as conductivity) of carbon nanotube dispersions in cured coatings and composite applications; determining what structural elements comprise efficient/effective dispersants for carbon nanotubes; and evaluating the hyperdispersant properties in carbon nanotube composite and coatings systems.

The present disclosure describes several embodiments for methods of deagglomerating, debundling, and dispersing carbon nanotubes and functionalizing such carbon nanotubes without damage to the properties of the carbon nanotubes. The embodiments include methods for determining optimized conditions to effectively produce master batches of carbon nanotube polymers and solvent systems; determining what moieties or chemistries effectively disperse carbon nanotubes without deleterious effect upon electrical properties of a resulting composite; determining the most efficient processes for introducing dispersants to carbon nanotubes; determining surface characteristics of carbon nanotubes induced by deagglomerating, debundling, and dispersion processes; evaluating properties (such as conductivity) of carbon nanotube dispersions in cured coatings and composite applications; determining what structural elements comprise efficient/effective dispersants for carbon nanotubes; and evaluating the hyperdispersant properties in carbon nanotube composite and coatings systems.