The present disclosure relates to a carbon-based porous material microscopically exhibiting a three-dimensional cross-linked net-like hierarchical pore structures with micropores nested in mesopores that are in turn nested in macropores. Such material provides for accelerated adsorption and desorption rates and lower desorption temperatures for recovery of organic gas molecules.

The invention provides methods for preparing activated carbon and biochar from a composition that comprises agricultural waste and that optionally comprises plastic. The invention also provides activated carbon and biochar having unique properties.

The invention provides methods for preparing activated carbon and biochar from a composition that comprises agricultural waste and that optionally comprises plastic. The invention also provides activated carbon and biochar having unique properties.

This disclosure provides a method of making a high-fixed-carbon material comprising pyrolyzing biomass to generate intermediate solids and a pyrolysis vapor; condensing the pyrolysis vapor to generate pyrolysis liquid; blending the pyrolysis liquid with the intermediate solids, to generate a mixture; and further pyrolyzing the mixture to generate a high-fixed-carbon material. A process can comprise: pyrolyzing a biomass-comprising feedstock in a first pyrolysis reactor to generate a first biogenic reagent and a first pyrolysis vapor; introducing the first pyrolysis vapor to a condensing system to generate a condenser liquid; contacting the first biogenic reagent with the condenser liquid, thereby generating an intermediate material; further pyrolyzing the intermediate material in a second pyrolysis reactor to generate a second biogenic reagent and a second pyrolysis vapor; and recovering the second biogenic reagent as a high-yield biocarbon composition. The process can further comprise pelletizing the intermediate material. Many process and system configurations are disclosed.

An installation for the production of oil, gas and char for carbon black, from elastomers, characterized in that, it has a screw dispenser (3) with a shaft (1), which from the loading side is closed hydraulically with a lock (2) by a nitrogen, a reactor (4), which is divided into zones A, B, C, corresponding to the subsequent stages of the pyrolysis process: zone A—the beginning of depolymerization (350° C.), zone B—carbonization (350-400° C.) and zone C—aromatic compounds cracking (400-650° C.), while a bubbler (5) hydraulically closed with a siphon (6) and a separator (7) with a hydraulic closure (8) and an oil separator (9) equipped with a transport screw (10) and an afterburner chamber (20) are installed outside the reactor (4), wherein the oil separator (9) is closed at the outlet by an accumulation shaft (12) and from the side of receiving a solid product—with a shaft (13), which is connected by an U-shaped screw conveyor (14) with economizers (11) and (15). wherein the installation is provided with a scrubber (16).

An installation for the production of oil, gas and char for carbon black, from elastomers, characterized in that, it has a screw dispenser (3) with a shaft (1), which from the loading side is closed hydraulically with a lock (2) by a nitrogen, a reactor (4), which is divided into zones A, B, C, corresponding to the subsequent stages of the pyrolysis process: zone A—the beginning of depolymerization (350° C.), zone B—carbonization (350-400° C.) and zone C—aromatic compounds cracking (400-650° C.), while a bubbler (5) hydraulically closed with a siphon (6) and a separator (7) with a hydraulic closure (8) and an oil separator (9) equipped with a transport screw (10) and an afterburner chamber (20) are installed outside the reactor (4), wherein the oil separator (9) is closed at the outlet by an accumulation shaft (12) and from the side of receiving a solid product—with a shaft (13), which is connected by an U-shaped screw conveyor (14) with economizers (11) and (15). wherein the installation is provided with a scrubber (16).

Herein disclosed are apparatus and associated methods related to producing an enhanced surface area biochar product with a desired activation level based on receiving biochar into a processing vessel configured with multiple independently temperature-controlled chambers and counter-flow steam injection, controlling activation levels of the biochar by moving the biochar through the processing vessel and adjusting the temperature of the biochar by injecting steam into at least one temperature-controlled chamber of the processing vessel, recovering volatiles driven off through dehydration using a thermal oxidizer, cooling the biochar to a desired discharge temperature using steam and retention time, and discharging the activated biochar product. The processing vessel may be a calciner, a rotary calciner, or a kiln. Biochar may be heated or cooled to a desired thermochemical processing temperature depending on the temperature of the received biochar. Counter-flow saturated steam may sweep volatile gases to a thermal oxidizer using a vacuum system.

Herein disclosed are apparatus and associated methods related to producing an enhanced surface area biochar product with a desired activation level based on receiving biochar into a processing vessel configured with multiple independently temperature-controlled chambers and counter-flow steam injection, controlling activation levels of the biochar by moving the biochar through the processing vessel and adjusting the temperature of the biochar by injecting steam into at least one temperature-controlled chamber of the processing vessel, recovering volatiles driven off through dehydration using a thermal oxidizer, cooling the biochar to a desired discharge temperature using steam and retention time, and discharging the activated biochar product. The processing vessel may be a calciner, a rotary calciner, or a kiln. Biochar may be heated or cooled to a desired thermochemical processing temperature depending on the temperature of the received biochar. Counter-flow saturated steam may sweep volatile gases to a thermal oxidizer using a vacuum system.

This disclosure provides a method of making a high-fixed-carbon material comprising pyrolyzing biomass to generate intermediate solids and a pyrolysis vapor; condensing the pyrolysis vapor to generate pyrolysis liquid; blending the pyrolysis liquid with the intermediate solids, to generate a mixture; and further pyrolyzing the mixture to generate a high-fixed-carbon material. A process can comprise: pyrolyzing a biomass-comprising feedstock in a first pyrolysis reactor to generate a first biogenic reagent and a first pyrolysis vapor; introducing the first pyrolysis vapor to a condensing system to generate a condenser liquid; contacting the first biogenic reagent with the condenser liquid, thereby generating an intermediate material; further pyrolyzing the intermediate material in a second pyrolysis reactor to generate a second biogenic reagent and a second pyrolysis vapor; and recovering the second biogenic reagent as a high-yield biocarbon composition. The process can further comprise pelletizing the intermediate material. Many process and system configurations are disclosed.

Herein disclosed are apparatus and associated methods related to producing an enhanced surface area biochar product with a desired activation level based on receiving biochar into a processing vessel configured with multiple independently temperature-controlled chambers and counter-flow steam injection, controlling activation levels of the biochar by moving the biochar through the processing vessel and adjusting the temperature of the biochar by injecting steam into at least one temperature-controlled chamber of the processing vessel, recovering volatiles driven off through dehydration using a thermal oxidizer, cooling the biochar to a desired discharge temperature using steam and retention time, and discharging the activated biochar product. The processing vessel may be a calciner, a rotary calciner, or a kiln. Biochar may be heated or cooled to a desired thermochemical processing temperature depending on the temperature of the received biochar. Counter-flow saturated steam may sweep volatile gases to a thermal oxidizer using a vacuum system.