A method of using carbon dioxide and low pH effluent from prior processing batches for synthesizing-carbon particles or hydrochar from carbohydrate/water solution formulations and conversion of aqueous feedstock containing carbohydrate waste. The hydrochar is a precursor material containing biochar solids and an acidic effluent. The hydrochar can be separated into solids (biochar) and liquid where the solids can be used for preparing a variety of carbonaceous products such as activated carbon. The carbohydrate/water formulation is heated in a pressure vessel converting solid waste to hydrochar forming uniform stable carbon nuclei and converting the aqueous carbohydrates in solution to solid spherical carbon particles. Microwave-assisted or inductive heating can be used as a preprocessing step to increase formation of carbon nuclei to accelerate growth of the carbon particles.

A method of using carbon dioxide and low pH effluent from prior processing batches for synthesizing-carbon particles or hydrochar from carbohydrate/water solution formulations and conversion of aqueous feedstock containing carbohydrate waste. The hydrochar is a precursor material containing biochar solids and an acidic effluent. The hydrochar can be separated into solids (biochar) and liquid where the solids can be used for preparing a variety of carbonaceous products such as activated carbon. The carbohydrate/water formulation is heated in a pressure vessel converting solid waste to hydrochar forming uniform stable carbon nuclei and converting the aqueous carbohydrates in solution to solid spherical carbon particles. Microwave-assisted or inductive heating can be used as a preprocessing step to increase formation of carbon nuclei to accelerate growth of the carbon particles.

It is disclosed purifies industrial lignin, performs Mannich reaction on purified industrial lignin, aldehyde and amino acid, simultaneously dopes nitrogen and sulfur elements into lignin, and performs high-temperature activation to obtain the carbonized amino acid modified lignin in accordance with a principle of green chemistry; a porous carbon material is prepared from the carbonized amino acid modified lignin by means of a two-step activation method, and an electrochemical workstation is applied to investigate electrochemical performance of the carbonized amino acid modified lignin as a supercapacitor; layered porous carbon having high specific surface area is prepared, the layered porous carbon has high specific heat capacity and stable cycle performance without attenuation when the supercapacitor is prepared from the layered porous carbon, and the method used has a wide application prospect in the aspect of preparing a porous carbon material for the supercapacitor.

It is disclosed purifies industrial lignin, performs Mannich reaction on purified industrial lignin, aldehyde and amino acid, simultaneously dopes nitrogen and sulfur elements into lignin, and performs high-temperature activation to obtain the carbonized amino acid modified lignin in accordance with a principle of green chemistry; a porous carbon material is prepared from the carbonized amino acid modified lignin by means of a two-step activation method, and an electrochemical workstation is applied to investigate electrochemical performance of the carbonized amino acid modified lignin as a supercapacitor; layered porous carbon having high specific surface area is prepared, the layered porous carbon has high specific heat capacity and stable cycle performance without attenuation when the supercapacitor is prepared from the layered porous carbon, and the method used has a wide application prospect in the aspect of preparing a porous carbon material for the supercapacitor.

The present invention discloses a lignin-based hierarchical porous carbon with high specific surface area and preparation method and application thereof. The present invention employs maleic anhydride, acrylic acid, and hypophosphorous acid to modify a lignin, then performs a cross-linking reaction with a glutaraldehyde-triethanolamine condensate to prepare a lignin graft-copolymerized by phosphino carboxylic acid copolymer, and then dropwise adding a soluble calcium salt solution and a soluble carbonate solution into the lignin graft-copolymerized by phosphino carboxylic acid copolymer dispersion successively, co-precipitates to prepare a lignin/nano CaCO.sub.3 complex, finally obtains a lignin-based hierarchical porous carbon with high specific surface area through carbonizing at a high temperature. The preparation method of the present invention may enable nano CaCO.sub.3 to be uniformly and stably dispersed in a three-dimensional network structure of the lignin graft-copolymerized by phosphino carboxylic acid copolymer, realizing full and uniform complexation of the lignin with nano CaCO.sub.3.

The present invention discloses a lignin-based hierarchical porous carbon with high specific surface area and preparation method and application thereof. The present invention employs maleic anhydride, acrylic acid, and hypophosphorous acid to modify a lignin, then performs a cross-linking reaction with a glutaraldehyde-triethanolamine condensate to prepare a lignin graft-copolymerized by phosphino carboxylic acid copolymer, and then dropwise adding a soluble calcium salt solution and a soluble carbonate solution into the lignin graft-copolymerized by phosphino carboxylic acid copolymer dispersion successively, co-precipitates to prepare a lignin/nano CaCO.sub.3 complex, finally obtains a lignin-based hierarchical porous carbon with high specific surface area through carbonizing at a high temperature. The preparation method of the present invention may enable nano CaCO.sub.3 to be uniformly and stably dispersed in a three-dimensional network structure of the lignin graft-copolymerized by phosphino carboxylic acid copolymer, realizing full and uniform complexation of the lignin with nano CaCO.sub.3.

The present invention relates to a carbonaceous material which is derived from a plant, having a specific surface area of 1800 to 3000 m.sup.2/g as measured by a BET method, a hydrogen element content of 0.42% by mass or less and an oxygen element content of 1.5% by mass or less.

The present invention relates to a carbonaceous material which is derived from a plant, having a specific surface area of 1800 to 3000 m.sup.2/g as measured by a BET method, a hydrogen element content of 0.42% by mass or less and an oxygen element content of 1.5% by mass or less.

The proposed method relates to the processing of carbon-containing raw material and may be used to obtain products containing amorphous silica and amorphous carbon of varying degrees of purity. The technical result consists in simplifying the production of a product containing amorphous silica and increasing the yield efficiency for such a product by decreasing the temperature to which the carbon-containing raw material is exposed. The method of producing a product containing amorphous silica and amorphous carbon includes the steps in which a carbon-containing raw material is dried at a temperature of 150-200° C. and the dried raw material is subjected to heat treatment at a temperature of 400-600° C., wherein the heat treatment is performed in the presence of an activator made of a readily fusible alloy. A device for carrying out the method is also proposed.

The present invention relates, in general terms, to methods of forming activated carbon. The method of forming activated carbon comprises mixing carbon black with an activation catalyst and heating the carbon black in order to form the activated carbon. The present invention also relates to applications of activated carbon as disclosed herein. In a preferred embodiment, the activation catalyst is selected from ammonium persulfate, sodium persulfate, potassium persulfate or a combination thereof.