A carbon negative clean fuel production system includes: a main platform; a heat collection device for capturing heat from a hydrothermal emissions from a hydrothermal vent on a floor of an ocean; a heat driven electric generator; a heat distribution system including a heat absorbing material and a heat transporting pipe; anchor platforms tethered to the main platform; a mineral separator; a seawater filtration unit; a water splitting device; a sand refinery machine; a carbon removal system; and a chemical production system for producing hydrides, halides and silane. Also disclosed is a method for carbon negative clean fuel production, including: capturing heat; producing electric energy; separating minerals; filtering seawater; splitting water; refining sand; removing carbon dioxide; and producing hydrides, halides, and silane.

A carbon negative clean fuel production system includes: a main platform; a heat collection device for capturing heat from a hydrothermal emissions from a hydrothermal vent on a floor of an ocean; a heat driven electric generator; a heat distribution system including a heat absorbing material and a heat transporting pipe; anchor platforms tethered to the main platform; a mineral separator; a seawater filtration unit; a water splitting device; a sand refinery machine; a carbon removal system; and a chemical production system for producing hydrides, halides and silane. Also disclosed is a method for carbon negative clean fuel production, including: capturing heat; producing electric energy; separating minerals; filtering seawater; splitting water; refining sand; removing carbon dioxide; and producing hydrides, halides, and silane.

A carbon negative clean fuel production system includes: a main platform; a heat collection device for capturing heat from a hydrothermal emissions from a hydrothermal vent on a floor of an ocean; a heat driven electric generator; a heat distribution system including a heat absorbing material and a heat transporting pipe; anchor platforms tethered to the main platform; a mineral separator; a seawater filtration unit; a water splitting device; a sand refinery machine; a carbon removal system; and a chemical production system for producing hydrides, halides and silane. Also disclosed is a method for carbon negative clean fuel production, including: capturing heat; producing electric energy; separating minerals; filtering seawater; splitting water; refining sand; removing carbon dioxide; and producing hydrides, halides, and silane.

Silicon and silica values are obtained from recycled organosilicon products such as silicones, by introducing a recycle feed containing the organosilicon products into an electric furnace while producing metallurgical grade silicon from a silica source and a carbon source.

Silicon and silica values are obtained from recycled organosilicon products such as silicones, by introducing a recycle feed containing the organosilicon products into an electric furnace while producing metallurgical grade silicon from a silica source and a carbon source.

A silicon anode material for an electrochemical cell that cycles lithium and methods of formation relating thereto are provided. The silicon anode material comprises a plurality of carbon-encased silicon clusters, where each carbon-encased silicon cluster includes a volume of silicon nanoparticles encased in a carbon shell having an interior volume greater than the volume of the silicon nanoparticles. The method of making the silicon anode material includes forming a plurality of precursor clusters, where each precursor silicon-based cluster comprises a volume of SiO.sub.x nanoparticles (x2). The method further includes carbon coating each of the precursor clusters to form a plurality of carbon-coated SiO.sub.x clusters; and reducing the SiO.sub.x nanoparticles in each of the carbon-coated SiO.sub.x clusters to form the silicon anode material.

A silicon anode material for an electrochemical cell that cycles lithium and methods of formation relating thereto are provided. The silicon anode material comprises a plurality of carbon-encased silicon clusters, where each carbon-encased silicon cluster includes a volume of silicon nanoparticles encased in a carbon shell having an interior volume greater than the volume of the silicon nanoparticles. The method of making the silicon anode material includes forming a plurality of precursor clusters, where each precursor silicon-based cluster comprises a volume of SiO.sub.x nanoparticles (x2). The method further includes carbon coating each of the precursor clusters to form a plurality of carbon-coated SiO.sub.x clusters; and reducing the SiO.sub.x nanoparticles in each of the carbon-coated SiO.sub.x clusters to form the silicon anode material.

The present disclosure provides a reactor and a method for the production of high purity silicon granules. The reactor includes a reactor chamber; and the reaction chamber is equipped with a solid feeding port, auxiliary gas inlet, raw material gas inlet, and exhaust gas export. The reaction chamber is also equipped with an internal gas distributor; a preheating unit; and an external exhaust gas processing unit connected between the preheating unit and a gas inlet. The reaction chamber is further equipped with a surface finishing unit, a heating unit, and a dynamics-generating unit. The reaction occurs through decomposition of silicon-containing gas in a densely stacked, high purity granular silicon layer reaction bed in relative motion, and uses the exhaust gas for heating. The present invention achieves a large-scale, efficient, energy-saving, continuous, low-cost production of high purity silicon granules.

Disclosed in the present application is a compound, comprising nano silicon, a lithium-containing compound and a carbon coating, or comprising nano silicon, silicon oxide, a lithium-containing compound, and a carbon coating. The method comprises: (1) solid-phase mixing of carbon coated silicon oxide with a lithium source; and (2) preforming heat-treatment of the pre-lithium precursor obtained in step (1) in a vacuum or non-oxidising atmosphere to obtain a compound. The method is simple, and has low equipment requirements and low costs; the obtained compound has a stable structure and the structure and properties do not deteriorate during long-term storage, a battery made of cathode material containing said compound exhibits high delithiation capacity, high initial coulombic efficiency, and good recycling properties, the charging capacity is over 1920 mAh/g, the discharging capacity is over 1768 mAh/g, and the initial capacity is over 90.2%.

Disclosed in the present application is a compound, comprising nano silicon, a lithium-containing compound and a carbon coating, or comprising nano silicon, silicon oxide, a lithium-containing compound, and a carbon coating. The method comprises: (1) solid-phase mixing of carbon coated silicon oxide with a lithium source; and (2) preforming heat-treatment of the pre-lithium precursor obtained in step (1) in a vacuum or non-oxidising atmosphere to obtain a compound. The method is simple, and has low equipment requirements and low costs; the obtained compound has a stable structure and the structure and properties do not deteriorate during long-term storage, a battery made of cathode material containing said compound exhibits high delithiation capacity, high initial coulombic efficiency, and good recycling properties, the charging capacity is over 1920 mAh/g, the discharging capacity is over 1768 mAh/g, and the initial capacity is over 90.2%.