A set of spherical inorganic particles having the particular property of being spontaneously individualized, both in dry state in the form of a powder and when they are dispersed in a matrix. The method for producing the particles, and the materials produced by including the particles in the matrices are also described.

Pig iron and spherical silica-based proppant are extracted and produced through the use of formers, fluxes, reductants, and stabilizers, at predetermined specified weight ratios. The base material utilized in this process is slag, typically derived from the mining industry. The slag is delivered and utilized in a manner that allows the adding and mixing of the various materials such as, but not limited to, carbon, calcium oxide, sodium oxide, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, and potassium oxide. The formulated mixture is then heated for a predetermined period of time, based upon weight to a liquid state, wherein the molten pig iron is separated from the molten silica glass. The molten pig iron is then poured into molds, and the molten silica glass is atomized into spherical proppant. The process is particularly well suited to slags produced from copper smelting, but can be extended to slags from other commodities and industries.

To provide an apparatus and a method of producing fine particles capable of increasing evaporation efficiency of a material, increasing the production of fine particles and reducing costs by heating the inputted material by a gas heated by thermal plasma. A fine particle production apparatus includes a vacuum chamber, a material feeding device connected to the vacuum chamber and feeding material particles from a material feeding port into the vacuum chamber, electrodes arranged in the vacuum chamber for generating plasma and a collection device connected to the vacuum chamber and collecting fine particles, which produces the fine particles from the material by generating electric discharge inside the vacuum chamber, in which the collection device and the material feeding device are connected by piping, and a material heating and circulation device which heats the material by heat of a gas inside the chamber heated by the plasma through the piping is provided.

A device for speeding up production rate of biomass pyrolysis gas to prepare nanoscale silica materials. The device includes: a screw feeder; a mixer; a pyrolysis device having a cinder hole; a combustion train; a steam generator; and a calcination device. In operation, biomass material is transported to the mixer via the screw feeder. The mixer operates to stir the biomass material, then the biomass material and overheated steam generated by the steam generator are mixed and introduced to the pyrolysis device. The pyrolysis device operates to produce combustible gas, and the combustible gas is combusted in the combustion train. The combustion train produces hot smoke, and the hot smoke heats the steam generator to produce the overheated steam. The cinder hole is disposed at a bottom of the pyrolysis device and operates to discharge cinder, and the cinder is transported to the calcination device to calcine.

A terahertz material for emission reduction and fuel saving of gasoline vehicles and its preparation method and application, includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2035 SiO.sub.x, 315 Al.sub.2O.sub.3, 2545 SiO.sub.2, 1525 Fe.sub.2O.sub.3, 2040 ochre, 0.52 barium tungstate, 1525 CaCO.sub.3, wherein a preparation method includes: mixing the component raw materials according to the above ratio; after crushing, performing heating to 6001,200 C. in an oxygen-free environment, maintaining the temperature for 38 hours, and then performing crushing for the second time; and performing enhancement processing with terahertz irradiation rays at 10 mW to 100 W for 5 seconds to 1 hour to obtain a terahertz material, wherein the terahertz material improves combustion efficiency by increasing the molecular activity of gasoline and air participating in combustion work and reducing molecular groups, and has the effects of emission reduction, energy saving and improving power.

A method of manufacturing an anode active material is to dope a plurality of anode material particles with alkali metal by use of molten alkali metal to obtain a plurality of alkali-metal-containing anode material particles. The method of the invention is also to perform a homogenization process and a passivation process on the alkali metal-containing anode material particles to obtain a plurality of passivated and homogenized alkali-metal-containing anode material particles serving as the anode active material.

The disclosure relates to the technical field of spherical oxide fillers and provides a method for simultaneously preparing a nano spherical oxide filler and a submicron spherical oxide filler. In the disclosure, a composite treatment of oxide raw material (raw material O) and metallic or non-metallic raw material (raw material M) is adopted to reduce the reactivity of raw materials, thereby reducing the risk of uncontrollable dust deflagration, and achieving safe production. Further, raw material O undergoes gasification under high temperature conditions to form nano-scale particles, or is dispersed into nano-scale particles by a shock wave formed by deflagration; and raw material M reacts with oxygen in an oxygen-enriched state, and undergoes coalescence and cooling to form submicron-scale particles. Product particles obtained from a combustion reaction are cooled into sphere-shaped particles under oxygen-enriched conditions, and the sphere-shaped particles obtained are subjected to fine separation to simultaneously obtain the submicron spherical oxide filler and the nano spherical oxide filler. Also, after a temperature in a reactor is stabilized, a fuel gas is reduced to the minimum, thereby stabilizing a temperature in a reactor while reducing cost.

A process for producing solar grade silicon from silica sand employs a plurality of plasma furnaces to perform a sequence of chemical reactions together with other process steps to produce solar grade silicon. The plasma furnace generates a stable dirty-air, donut-shaped plasma into which particulate matter can be introduced. The plasma in the first two stages is formed by gases from the chemical reactions and in the third from inert gasses. Cyclone separators are used to extract particulates from the plasma in an inert gas that prevents reverse reactions as the particulate cools.

A cristobalite includes: a d50 particle size selected within a range of from 1 m to 15 m; an L color coordinate of greater than 96; a color coordinate of less than 1; and a b color coordinate of 1 or less, in which the cristobalite is a powder. Also provided are compositions containing the cristobalite, coatings formed with compositions, and methods of preparing cristobalite.

A spherical silica powder, having a ratio (B/A) of 0.5 to 1.5, the ratio (B/A) being a ratio of a maximum IR peak intensity B, which is derived from an isolated silanol group on a surface of the spherical silica powder, at more than 3700 cm.sup.1 and 3800 cm.sup.1 or less to a maximum IR peak intensity A, which is derived from an internal silanol group of the spherical silica powder, at 3600 cm.sup.1 to 3700 cm.sup.1.