A reforming furnace for producing hydrogen is provided. The reforming furnace includes a plurality of reforming tubes that allow a flow of hydrocarbons and at least one fluid inside the tubes, from top to bottom, and have, on at least part of the upper half of the outer surface at least one fin that has a thickness of between 1 and 30 mm, a width of between 3 and 100 mm, and a length of between 1 m and an length equivalent to the height of the furnace.

Catalysts for converting carbon dioxide and methane to synthesis gas include an alumina supported copper-nickel alloy composition having the formula Ni.sub.xCu.sub.y. The catalyst comprises about 70% to about 98% by weight of alumina in the catalyst, wherein x is an atomic percentage nickel content and y is an atomic percentage copper content, and wherein a ratio of x to y is about 3:1 to about 10:1. In one embodiment, the Ni—Cu catalyst composition according to the present disclosure is derived by state of the art electronic structure calculations based on Density Functional Theory (DFT).

Processes for transforming an inert metal component into an active metal catalyst are provided. Apparatus and methods using active metal catalyst prepared according the process described herein are also provided.

The present invention relates to a monolith catalyst for a carbon dioxide reforming reaction and to a preparation method for same, and more specifically the invention provides a preparation method for a monolith catalyst for a methane reforming reaction using carbon dioxide, the method comprising a step of mixing and impregnating a support in a metal precursor solution, coating a monolith substrate with the solution resulting from the mixing and impregnating, drying same and then calcining the monolith substrate coated with the solution resulting from the mixing and impregnating.

The present invention relates to a method for preparing a synthetic fuel on a vessel above a stranded gas field or an oil & gas field by a GTL-FPSO process, more particularly to a method for preparing a synthetic fuel with superior economic feasibility, productivity and efficiency using a compact GTL (gas to liquid) apparatus that can be used for a stranded gas field or an oil & gas field and an FPSO (floating production, storage and offloading) process under a condition optimized for the ratio of carbon dioxide in the stranded gas field or the oil & gas field and an apparatus for the same.

Disclosed is a hydrocarbon gas reforming supported catalyst, and methods for its use, that includes a catalytic material capable of catalyzing the production of a gaseous mixture comprising hydrogen (H.sub.2) and carbon monoxide (CO) from a hydrocarbon gas and a clay support material comprising a clay mineral, wherein the catalytic material is chemically bonded to the clay support material, and wherein the chemical bond is a M1-M2 bond, where M1 is a metal from the catalytic material and M2 is a metal from the clay support material, or the chemical bond is a M1-O bond, where M1 is a metal from the catalytic material and oxygen (O) is from the clay support material, wherein the supported catalyst comprises at least 70% or more by weight of the clay support material.

The present invention provides novel systems, methods, and processes for producing and synthesizing, through cost-effective thermal processes, highly active and stable carbide-based nano-structured catalysts and compositions that can be used in dry reforming of methane, natural gas, and biogas, for example, to synthesis gas (syngas). The invention provides for using carbon-containing raw materials for synthesizing and producing carbon-encapsulated metal-core nanoparticles such as nickel-based, tungsten-based, and molybdenum-based nano-structured catalysts that can be used in dry reforming gas to syngas.

In some embodiments, a system for producing liquid fuel from landfill gas includes a tri-reformer that receives landfill gas and produces synthesis gas having a H.sub.2:CO ratio of approximately 2:1, and a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) reformer that receives the synthesis gas from the tri-reformer and produces liquid fuel.

A heat recovery system for plasma reformers is comprised of a cascade of regenerators and recuperators that are arranged to transfer in stages the heat at high temperatures for storage, transport, and recirculation. Recirculation of heat increases the efficiency of plasma reformers and heat exchanging reduces temperature of the product for downstream applications.

The invention relates to a process for producing synthesis gas (5) in which hydrocarbon (2) is decomposed thermally in, a first reaction zone (11) to hydrogen and carbon, and hydrogen formed is passed from the first reaction zone (Z1) into a second action zone (Z2) in order to be reacted therein with carbon dioxide (4) to give water and carbon monoxide. The characteristic feature here is that energy required for the thermal decomposition of the hydrocarbon is supplied to the first reaction zone (Z1) from the second reaction zone (Z2).