A reformer tube for producing synthesis gas by steam reforming of hydrocarbon-containing feed gases, in which a structured stream reforming catalyst is used, is proposed. According to the invention, a heat exchanger tube is arranged in the interior of the structured catalyst, with the feed gas stream flowing firstly through the structured catalyst and subsequently in countercurrent through the heat exchanger tube. This improves the heat exchange between the synthesis gas product stream and the structured catalyst and the feed gas stream flowing through it, especially in the radial direction.

The invention relates to a structured catalyst for catalyzing steam methane reforming reaction in a given temperature range T upon bringing a hydrocarbon feed gas into contact with the structured catalyst. The structured catalyst comprises a macroscopic structure, which comprises an electrically conductive material and supports a ceramic coating. The macroscopic structure has been manufactured by 3D printing or extrusion and subsequent sintering, wherein the macroscopic structure and the ceramic coating have been sintered in an oxidizing atmosphere in order to form chemical bonds between the ceramic coating and the macroscopic structure. The ceramic coating supports catalytically active material arranged to catalyze the steam methane reforming reaction, wherein the macroscopic structure is arranged to conduct an electrical current to supply an energy flux to the steam methane reforming reaction. The invention moreover relates to methods of manufacturing the structured catalyst and a system using the structured catalyst.

An industrial, commercial and residential Hydrogen production and conversion system is provided. The Hydrogen production and conversion system includes a reactor vessel for facilitating the production of Hydrogen gas and Oxygen gas, a separator vessel for separating the produced Hydrogen and Oxygen gas, a Hydrogen receiver vessel for receiving the separated Hydrogen gas, a compressor for compressing the received Hydrogen gas and a Hydrogen storage vessel for storing the compressed Hydrogen gas and providing the stored Hydrogen gas to one or more power systems to be used as fuel.

The present invention relates to a method for forming a three-dimensional article through successively depositing individual layers of powder material that are fused together so as to form the article, the method comprising the step of heating a first portion of a support surface while depositing a layer of powder material on a second portion of the support surface.

A dielectric barrier discharge plasma reactor and method in which plasma is used to activate difficult-to-activate molecules and the catalyst so that chemical conversion of the activated molecules can occur at reduced temperature and pressure conditions to carry out chemical reactions that ordinarily occur at high temperature and high pressure conditions or otherwise do not occur at all. The dielectric barrier discharge plasma reactor includes a tubular outer ground electrode having an inner surface bounding an interior volume therein, a dielectric electrode coaxially mounted in the interior volume of the tubular outer ground electrode, the dielectric electrode comprising a central electrode in a cylindrical dielectric element, the cylindrical dielectric element having an outer surface in spaced relationship to the inner surface of the tubular outer ground electrode to define an annular fluid flow passage therebetween, and a catalyst material comprising catalyst coated on the inner surface of the tubular outer ground electrode and optionally further comprising catalyst in a catalyst bed in the annular fluid flow passage.

Described are a method and apparatus for producing graphene by pyrolysis of hydrocarbons from a hydrocarbon feedstock and for recovering hydrogen gas which is a byproduct of the pyrolysis and which may be present in the hydrocarbon feedstock. The apparatus may comprise: an elongate reactor having: a first end and a second end, the first end being configured to receive a hydrocarbon feedstock; a channel defined therein for conveying a fluid between the first and second ends, wherein the fluid is a reaction mixture comprising the hydrocarbon feedstock; a terminal section attached to the second end, the terminal section being selectively permeable to hydrogen gas and impermeable to other components of the reaction mixture; and a hydrogen collection section attached to the second end to receive hydrogen gas from the terminal section, the hydrogen collection section being impermeable to hydrogen gas.

A process is described for increasing the hydrogen content of a synthesis gas mixture comprising hydrogen, carbon oxides and steam, comprising the steps of: passing the synthesis gas mixture at an inlet temperature in the range 170-500 C. over a water-gas shift catalyst to form a hydrogen-enriched shifted gas mixture, wherein the water-gas shift catalyst is in the form of a cylindrical pellet having a length C and diameter D, wherein the surface of the cylindrical pellet has two or more flutes running along its length, said cylinder having no through-holes and domed ends of lengths A and B such that (A+B+C)/D is in the range 0.25 to 0.25, and (A+B)/C is in the range 0.03 to 0.30.

Systems and methods for producing ammonia. The system can include a first ammonia converter, a second ammonia converter, a product separator, and an ammonia recovery unit. The first ammonia converter can be adapted to react a syngas to produce a first ammonia product and a first purge gas. The second ammonia converter can be in fluid communication with the first ammonia converter and can be adapted to react the first purge gas to produce an effluent. The product separator can be in fluid communication with the second ammonia converter and can be adapted to separate the effluent to produce a second ammonia product and a second purge gas. The ammonia recovery unit can be in fluid communication with the product separator and can be adapted to separate at least a portion of the second purge gas to produce a third ammonia product and a third purge gas.

Steam-hydrocarbon reforming reactor with a reformer tube containing ceramic-supported catalyst pellets and metal foam particles. The ceramic-supported catalyst pellets have a porous support comprising one or more of alumina, calcium aluminate, and magnesium aluminate. The metal foam particles comprise Fe and/or Ni. The ceramic-supported catalyst pellets and metal foam particles may be layered or interspersed.

A combined reforming apparatus is provided. The combined reforming apparatus includes a body, a first catalyst tube disposed inside the body and reacting at a first temperature to reform hydrocarbons (C.sub.xH.sub.y) having two or more carbon atoms into methane (CH.sub.4), a second catalyst tube disposed inside the body, connected to the first catalyst tube, and reacting at a second temperature higher than the first temperature to reform methane (CH.sub.4) into synthesis gas comprising hydrogen (H.sub.2) and carbon monoxide (CO), a combustion unit configured to supply heat to the first and second catalyst tubes, a gas supply pipe configured to supply hydrocarbon gas to the first catalyst tube, a first steam supply pipe configured to supply steam to the first catalyst tube, and a second steam supply pipe configured to supply steam to the second catalyst tube.