Provided is a catalyst structure for a liquid organic hydrogen carrier (LOHC) dehydrogenation reactor, including a support, a plurality of channels formed on the support in such a manner that the LOHC may flow therethrough, and an LOHC dehydrogenation catalyst that is coated on the inner surfaces of the channels and is in contact with the LOHC to carry out LOHC dehydrogenation, wherein the hydrogen gas generated from the dehydrogenation is discharged along the channels so that the contact area between the LOHC and the LOHC dehydrogenation catalyst may be increased.

The present invention refers to a method for cracking ammonia, producing hydrogen and generating electrical power including electrolysis of water in feed ammonia, evaporation, pre-heating and cracking of ammonia, using ammonia synthesis catalysts at low temperatures. A method for cracking ammonia including a) electrolysis of water in feed ammonia, wherein feed ammonia includes make-up ammonia; b) evaporation; c) cracking; wherein cracking of ammonia takes place between 300-700° C., using ammonia synthesis catalysts.

An apparatus and method to desulfurize a biogas containing sulfur. Since biogas is produced by an anaerobic digester from human, animal, kitchen and agriculture's wastes, Itis a short term recycled product from the photosynthesis of CO.sub.2, and has a net zero carbon emission. The sulfur compounds in the biogas can be removed by the following steps: (1) converting all sulfur compounds into H.sub.2S by the hydrogen produced from the biogas over Pt group metal catalysts; (2) adsorbing the H.sub.2S at high temperature by the regenerable Pt group metal catalyst and adsorbents. The desulfurized biogas is further converted by an ATR/CPO reformer or a steam generating reformer to produce various reformates.

Disclosed are processes for producing propylene and butylene. The processes can include contacting a first stream containing methane with an oxidant and oxidizing at least a portion of the methane under conditions suitable to produce a second stream containing carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H.sub.2), contacting the second stream with a CO hydrogenation catalyst under conditions suitable to produce a third stream containing propanol and butanol, and contacting the third stream with an dehydration catalyst under conditions suitable to dehydrate at least a portion of the propanol and butanol and produce a products stream containing propylene and butylene.

An object of the present invention is to provide means for improving the hydrogen generation properties of a hydrogen-producing catalyst. A hydrogen-producing catalyst according to one aspect of the present invention comprises Rh and a composite containing Al, Ce, and Zr. When a ratio of the number of Al atoms to the number of Ce atoms (Al/Ce) in the composite measured by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis is R.sub.1 and a ratio of the number of Al atoms to the number of Ce atoms (Al/Ce) in the composite measured by an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) method is R.sub.2, a value of R.sub.2/R.sub.1 is greater than 2.25 and less than 5.92.

An exhaust gas cleaning catalyst is provided with a fire-resistant three-dimensional structural body, a first catalyst layer provide on a first surface side of the fire-resistant three-dimensional structural body, and a second catalyst layer provided on a side of the first catalyst layer opposite to the fire-resistant three-dimensional structural body. The first catalyst layer contains: a complex oxide including cerium and zirconium; and elemental rhodium. The second catalyst layer contains: a complex oxide including cerium and zirconium; and elemental palladium. The amount of cerium included in the second catalyst layer, in terms of cerium dioxide, is 10-25 g per liter of the fire-resistant three-dimensional structural body.

A process for reducing an organic material to produce methane and/or hydrogen is disclosed. The process includes: (a) contacting the organic material with an excess amount of hydrogen gas in an enclosed reduction chamber at ambient temperature, where the reduction chamber is substantially free of oxygen, and heating the reduction chamber to cause a temperature increase in the organic material from ambient temperature to up to 425° C. at a rate of up to about 8° C. per minute, under positive pressure, to form a first gaseous mixture comprising methane, hydrogen, acid, and partially reduced volatile organic molecules; (b) heating the first gaseous mixture to a temperature of about 675° C. to about 875° C. in the presence of an excess amount of hydrogen gas to form a second gaseous mixture comprising methane, hydrogen, and acid; and (c) neutralizing the second gaseous mixture with a base.

A method for dehydrogenating a hydrogen carrier medium comprises the method steps of providing a metal-containing catalyst material, an at least partially loaded hydrogen carrier medium, a metal-free reaction accelerator substance, transferring hydrogen from the hydrogen carrier medium to the reaction accelerator substance and releasing hydrogen gas from the reaction accelerator substance.

A hydrogen generating method includes generating hydrogen by dehydrogenation-reacting a chemical hydride of a solid state with an acid aqueous solution. The dehydrogenation-reaction is performed by reacting 1 mol of hydrogen atoms of the chemical hydride with an acid and water at a molar ratio of 0.5 to 2.

The invention relates to heterogeneous catalysts comprising an organo-ruthenium complex immobilized to an aluminum-modified inorganic oxide by a chemical bond between a tetra-coordinated aluminum atom on a surface of the aluminum-modified inorganic oxide and an amino or imino nitrogen of the organo-ruthenium complex, methods of preparing the heterogeneous catalysts including immobilizing the organo-ruthenium complex to a tetra-coordinated aluminum atom on a surface of an inorganic oxide by reacting an amino or imino nitrogen of the organo-ruthenium complex and an aluminum-modified inorganic oxide, followed by a defined heat treatment, as well as methods for producing hydrogen from formic acid using the heterogeneous catalysts.