The present disclosure relates to methods, processes, and systems for utilizing the dehydrogenation of 2-butanol for hydrogen consuming reactions of biomass or biomass-derived molecules.

The present disclosure relates to methods, processes, and systems for utilizing the dehydrogenation of 2-butanol for hydrogen consuming reactions of biomass or biomass-derived molecules.

Hydrogen generation assemblies, hydrogen purification devices, and their components are disclosed. In some embodiments, the devices may include a permeate frame with a membrane support structure having first and second membrane support plates that are free from perforations and that include a plurality of microgrooves configured to provide flow channels for at least part of the permeate stream. In some embodiments, the assemblies may include a return conduit fluidly connecting a buffer tank and a reformate conduit, a return valve assembly configured to manage flow in the return conduit, and a control assembly configured to operate a fuel processing assembly between run and standby modes based, at least in part, on detected pressure in the buffer tank and configured to direct the return valve assembly to allow product hydrogen stream to flow from the buffer tank to the reformate conduit when the fuel processing assembly is in the standby mode.

A bifunctional catalyst for conversion of oxygenates, said catalyst comprising zeolite, alumina binder and Zn, wherein the Zn is present at least partly as ZnAl.sub.2O.sub.4.

The present application relates to a process for production of hydrocarbons comprising the steps of: converting a feed stream comprising alcohols, ethers or mixtures hereof over a Zn-containing zeolite based catalyst wherein Zn is at least partly present as ZnAl.sub.2O.sub.4, active in dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons, in a conversion step thereby obtaining a conversion effluent, separating said effluent to obtain an aqueous process condensate stream, a liquid hydrocarbon stream and a gaseous stream, removing part of the hydrogen formed in the conversion step, and recycling at least part of the gaseous and/or liquid hydrocarbon stream to the conversion step.

An Aluminum nitride ceramic and preparation method thereof. The aluminum nitride ceramic comprises a porous aluminum nitride matrix. A ferrite is loaded on the pore surface of the porous aluminum nitride matrix; and nano nickel particles are loaded on the surface of the ferrite. The preparation method of the aluminum nitride ceramic comprises steps: sintering the aluminum nitride ceramic by pressureless sintering method, depositing the ferrite on pore surface of porous aluminum nitride matrix by hydrothermal method, and loading nano nickel particles on the surface of the ferrite by reduction method. A micro-reactor is provided. So that the technical problems: the preheating time of the micro-reactor prepared is too long, nickel particles fall off from the surface of matrix, and nano nickel particles grow up due to quick and direct temperature rise can be solved.

Hydrogen generation assemblies and methods of generating hydrogen are disclosed. In some embodiments, the method may include receiving a feed stream in a fuel processing assembly of the hydrogen generation assembly; and generating a product hydrogen stream in the fuel processing assembly from the received feed stream. Generating a product hydrogen stream may, in some embodiments, include generating an output stream in a hydrogen generating region from the received feed stream, and generating the product hydrogen stream in a purification region from the output stream. The method may additionally include receiving the generated product hydrogen stream in a buffer tank of the hydrogen generation assembly; and detecting pressure in the buffer tank via a tank sensor assembly. The method may further include stopping generation of the product hydrogen stream in the fuel processing assembly when the detected pressure in the buffer tank is above a predetermined maximum pressure.

The invention relates to a PrOx reactor (R) comprising a housing that encloses a reaction space and has a first inlet (E1) for supply of a hydrogenous first gas (G1) to a reaction space, a second inlet (E2) for supply of an oxygenous second gas (G2) to the reaction space and an outlet (A) for discharge of a third gas (G3), wherein there is a multitude of conduits (Kv) extending from the second inlet (E2) into the reaction space, each of which comprises at least one opening (O) for supply of the second gas (G2) to the reaction space.

The invention relates to a method of starting-up a fuel cell arrangement (1) comprising a fuel processor (2) and a fuel cell (70), wherein the fuel processor (2) comprises the following components: a first evaporator (10), a reformer (20) arranged downstream of the first evaporator (10), a water-gas shift reactor (30), a PrOx reactor (40), a first heat exchanger (11), an afterburner (21) and a startup burner (50), wherein the method comprises the following steps: a) electrically heating a heating arrangement in the fuel processor (2) to heat a first gas (G1), b) heating the components of the fuel processor (2) to a fixed operating temperature by circulating the heated first gas (G1) through at least the first heat exchanger (11) and the afterburner (21), c) catalytically combusting an atomized or evaporated fuel (B) in the startup burner (50) and then afterburning hydrogen in the afterburner (21) for further heating of the first gas (G1) via at least one heat exchanger, d) introducing the fuel (B) into the preheated components of the fuel processor (2) and stopping the catalytic combustion in the startup burner (50), e) starting up at least one reaction in the components of the fuel processor (2), until an exit gas from a PrOx reactor (40) has a given CO content, and f) switching on the fuel cell (70).

The invention further relates to a fuel cell arrangement.

A fuel cell system includes: a reformer generating a reformed gas using a raw material; a fuel cell generating electric power; a raw material supply passage; a hydro-desulfurizer operative to remove sulfur component in the raw material; a recycle passage through which the reformed gas is supplied to the raw material supply passage provided upstream of the hydro-desulfurizer; a temperature detector detecting a temperature of the hydro-desulfurizer; and a controller, wherein: when the temperature of the hydro-desulfurizer reaches a predetermined temperature, the controller increases a flow rate of the raw material from a predetermined flow rate by a flow rate corresponding to a flow rate of the recycled gas, and then, the controller starts supplying the recycled gas to the recycle passage; and after the recycled gas reaches an upstream end of the recycle passage, the controller returns the flow rate of the raw material to the predetermined flow rate.