Disclosed is an apparatus and method of preparing synthetic fuel using natural gas extracted from a stranded gas field on land or at sea as a raw material through a compact GTL process or a GTL-FPSO process. A parallel-type gas purification unit for controlling a molar ratio of synthetic gas and a concentration of carbon dioxide in the synthetic gas, in which a CO.sub.2 separation device and a bypass unit are disposed in parallel, is provided and, thus, the gas purification unit may prepare the synthetic gas by a steam carbon dioxide reforming (SCR) reaction using natural gas having different CO.sub.2 contents of various stranded gas fields and then supply the synthetic gas having an optimum composition suitable for a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis.

Process and plant for producing hydrocarbon products from a feedstock originating from a renewable source, where a hydrogen-rich stream and on off-gas stream comprising hydrocarbons is formed. A portion of the hydrogen-rich stream is used as a recycle gas stream in a hydroprocessing stage for the production of said hydrocarbon products, and another portion may be used for hydrogen production, while the off-gas stream is treated to remove its H.sub.2S content and used as a recycle gas stream in the hydrogen producing unit, from which the hydrogen produced i.e. make-up hydrogen, is used in the hydroprocessing stage. The invention enables minimizing natural gas consumption in the hydrogen producing unit as well as steam reformer size.

The invention relates to a commercially viable modular ceramic oxygen transport membrane system for utilizing heat generated in reactively-driven oxygen transport membrane tubes to generate steam, heat process fluid and/or provide energy to carry out endothermic chemical reactions. The system provides for improved thermal coupling of oxygen transport membrane tubes to steam generation tubes or process heater tubes or reactor tubes for efficient and effective radiant heat transfer.

A process for recovering oil and gas from an underground formation by injecting an ammonia containing enhanced oil recovery formulation into the oil-bearing formation, which process comprises (i) reacting steam with methane containing gas, (ii) combining the reaction mixture obtained with further steam, (iii) removing carbon dioxide to obtain hydrogen, (iv) reacting at least part of the hydrogen with nitrogen, (v) separating off ammonia, (vi) mixing ammonia with water and injecting it into the underground formation, (vii) recovering oil and gas, (viii) separating methane from the fluid recovered from the recovery well, (ix) removing sulfur compounds, and (ix) using in step (i) the methane obtained in step (viii).

A reformer system (11) having a hydrodesulfurizer (12) provides desulfurized natural gas feedstock to a catalytic steam reformer (16), the outflow of which is treated by a water gas shift reactor (20) and optionally a preferential CO oxidizer (58) to provide reformate gas (28, 28a) having high hydrogen and moderate carbon dioxide content. To avoid damage to the hydrodesulfurizer from overheating, any deleterious hydrogen reactants, such as the oxygen in peak shave gas or olefins, in the non-desulfurized natural gas feedstock (35) are reacted (38) with hydrogen (28, 28a; 71) to convert them to alkanes (e.g., ethylene and propylene to ethane and propane) and to convert oxygen to water in a catalytic reactor (38) having no sulfide sorbent, and cooled (46), below a temperature which would damage the reactor, by evaporative cooling with pressurized hot water (42). Hydrogen for the desulfurizer and the hydrogen reactions may be provided as recycle reformate (28, 28a) or from a mini-CPO (67), or from other sources.

This disclosure relates installed or new synthesis gas (Syngas) production units and potential modifications to those units to reduce the firing requirements and significant emissions of CO.sub.2 from those units with affordable capital expenditures.

The present invention relates to a shell-and-tube type reactor for reforming natural gas and a method for manufacturing syngas or hydrogen gas by using the same. According to the present invention, a shell-and-tube type reactor for reforming natural gas comprises a reaction catalyst for reforming natural gas, which is filled in a reactor shell; at least one tube for separating hydrogen; and a tube for an exothermic reaction or a tube type heat-exchanger for heating, which is disposed at the center of the reactor so as to have excellent operating efficiency and enable production of high-purity hydrogen and collection of carbon dioxide simultaneously along with a reaction.

Problem to be Solved

A catalyst for obtaining hydrogen gas by steam reforming of a hydrocarbon-containing gas in the presence of steam active metals supported on an α-alumina carrier.

The active metals include 0.1 to 0.3 parts by weight of rhodium (Rh) based on the content of the metal, relative to 100 parts by weight of the α-alumina carrier, and 0.01 to 0.3 parts by weight of platinum (Pt) based on the content of the metal, relative to 100 parts by weight of the α-alumina carrier.

The α-alumina carrier is a carrier modified with a promoter including 1 to 10 parts by weight of cerium (Ce) based on the content of the metal, relative to 100 parts by weight of the α-alumina carrier.

A process for producing hydrocarbons is disclosed in which a first feed substream and a second feed substream are obtained from a hydrocarbonaceous feed stream, of which the first feed substream is converted by means of partial oxidation or autothermal reforming to a first synthesis gas stream and the second feed substream is converted by means of steam reforming to a second synthesis gas stream and subsequently combined with the first synthesis gas stream to give a third synthesis gas stream, of which at least a first portion is converted by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis to a crude product stream comprising hydrocarbons of different chain lengths, from which light hydrocarbons are separated in a tail gas, in order to recycle them and use them in the partial oxidation or autothermal reforming. The characteristic feature here is that unsaturated hydrocarbons are separated from at least a portion of the tail gas.

A fuel cell system includes a fuel cell, a fuel gas supply line, an oxidizing agent gas supply line, a fuel gas discharge line, and a reformer provided in the fuel gas supply line. A first circulating line circulates the fuel gas from the fuel gas discharge line to an upstream side of the reformer in the fuel gas supply line as a first circulating gas. The circulation device is provided in the fuel gas supply line, and suctions the first circulating gas by using the flow of the fuel gas flowing through the fuel gas supply line as a driving flow. A second circulating line circulates the fuel gas from a downstream side of the circulation device in the fuel gas supply line or the fuel gas discharge line to the upstream side of the circulation device in the fuel gas supply line as a second circulating gas.