In one aspect, the disclosure relates to relates to heterogeneous catalysts useful for the synthesis of ammonia under microwave irradiation, processes for preparing the disclosed heterogeneous catalysts, and processes for synthesizing ammonia using the heterogeneous catalysts with microwave irradiation. In various aspects, the disclosed heterogeneous catalysts comprise: a metal selected from Group 7, Group 8, Group 9, Group 10, Group 11, or combinations thereof; a metal oxide support; and optionally a promoter material. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure.

A process for preparing an electride compound, comprising (i) providing a precursor compound comprising an oxidic compound of the garnet group; (ii) heating the precursor provided in (i) under plasma forming conditions in a gas atmosphere to a temperature of the precursor above the Httig temperature of the precursor, obtaining the electride compound.

The invention relates to a metallic membrane for nitrogen separation, the method of making the membrane and methods of using the membrane. The invention also relates to a metallic membrane for disassociation of nitrogen and subsequent reaction with hydrogen to produce ammonia at moderate conditions compared to a conventional Haber-Bosch process.

A method of a hydrocarbon product and ammonia comprises introducing C.sub.2H.sub.6 to a positive electrode of an electrochemical cell comprising the positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a proton-conducting membrane between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The proton-conducting membrane comprising an electrolyte material having an ionic conductivity greater than or equal to about 10.sup.2 S/cm at one or more temperatures within a range of from about 150 C. to about 600 C. N.sub.2 is introduced to the negative electrode of the electrochemical cell. A potential difference is applied between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the electrochemical cell. A system for co-producing higher hydrocarbons and NH.sub.3, and an electrochemical cell are also described.

Chemical processors are configured to reduce mass, work in conjunction with solar concentrators, and/or house porous inserts in microchannel or mesochannel devices made by additive manufacturing. Methods of making chemical processors containing porous inserts by additive manufacturing are also disclosed.

An iron-containing catalyst for ammonia synthesis, characterized in that it contains the promoters potassium, calcium and aluminum, wherein the proportion of potassium, calculated as K.sub.2O, is 0.08% to 0.6% by weight, the proportion of calcium, calculated as CaO, is 0.8% to 2.2% by weight and the proportion of aluminum, calculated as Al.sub.2O.sub.3, is 1.0% to 2.3% by weight, is described. The invention further relates to the production of the catalyst according to the invention and to a process for ammonia synthesis using the catalyst according to the invention.

The present invention is directed to a method and system for enhancing the production of ammonia from gaseous hydrogen and nitrogen. Advantageously, the method and system does not emit carbon gases during production. The method and system enhances the production of ammonia compared to traditional Haber-Bosch reactions.

Catalysts for NH.sub.3 cracking and/or synthesis generally include barium calcium aluminum oxide compounds decorated with ruthenium, cobalt, or both. These catalysts can be bonded to a metal structure, which improves thermal conductivity and gas conductance.

Various aspects of an ion-gated nanochannel catalytic membrane reactor, disclosed herein. The ion-gated nanochannel catalytic membrane reactor includes a reaction unit comprising at least a plurality of reactants that react to produce one or more permeates at least due to activation by a catalyst. The membrane reactor further includes a separation unit including an ion-gated nanochannel membrane supported on a hollow fiber support. The polar permeates from the one or more permeates pass through the ion-gated nanochannel membrane and are separated in-situ. Multiple methods/processes using the ion-gated nanochannel catalytic membrane reactor for chemicals and fuels production are included.

This invention relates to a supported catalyst for synthesizing ammonia (NH.sub.3) from nitrogen gas (N.sub.2) and hydrogen gas (H.sub.2), method of making the support, and methods of decorating the support with the catalyst.