Ammonia synthesis process and plant comprising an ammonia synthesis converter and a downstream ammonia cooling system, wherein the ammonia synthesis converter is arranged to receive an ammonia synthesis gas comprising hydrogen and nitrogen and to produce an ammonia product gas stream and an off-gas ammonia stream; said ammonia cooling system comprising:an ammonia evaporator for evaporating an ammonia liquid stream and generating an ammonia vapor stream;an off-gas cleaning unit for cleaning said off-gas ammonia stream under the addition of water as a scrubbing agent, generating a water stream and an ammonia depleted off-gas stream;an absorption cooling unit comprising water for cooling said ammonia vapor stream and collecting a condensed ammonia-water stream;a regeneration unit for generating from said condensed ammonia-water stream: a purified water stream, said ammonia liquid stream, and an overhead ammonia gas stream.

Methods and systems for making ammonia are provided. The method can include converting carbon monoxide in a first syngas to carbon dioxide to produce a shifted syngas. At least a portion of the carbon dioxide can be separated from the shifted syngas to produce a carbon dioxide-lean syngas. Carbon monoxide and/or carbon dioxide in the carbon dioxide-lean syngas can be converted to methane to produce a methanated first syngas. A second syngas can be separated to produce a purified second syngas and a waste gas. The methanated first syngas and the purified second syngas can be combined to produce an ammonia feedstock. The ammonia feedstock can have a hydrogen to nitrogen molar ratio of about 3.5:1 to about 2.5:1. At least a portion of the hydrogen and nitrogen in the ammonia feedstock can be reacted to produce an ammonia product.

An active catalyst for ammonia synthesis is integrated with a specialty sorbent in a composition or composite, such that the catalyst portion and the sorbent portion are in direct intimate contact, which overcomes the thermodynamic limits for conversion. The sorbent may comprise a metal halide absorbent, zeolite adsorbent, other material absorbents or adsorbents, to capture ammonia as it is produced in intimate or near molecular contact with the catalyst, wherein the composition/composite may be provided in the form of a granular or pellet structure. By removing ammonia essentially as it forms, the forward reaction for producing ammonia can continue nearly unabated such that high net conversion can be achieved in a single pass or cumulative within segmented reactors as operated in series.

A process for the co-production of methanol and ammonia is described comprising the steps of: (a) forming a first synthesis gas stream by reacting a first portion of a hydrocarbon feedstock and steam in a steam reformer, (b) forming a second synthesis gas stream in parallel to the first synthesis gas stream by reacting a second portion of the hydrocarbon feedstock with an oxygen-containing gas and steam in an autothermal reformer, (c) synthesising methanol from a first process gas comprising the first synthesis gas stream, and (d) synthesising ammonia from a second process gas prepared from the second synthesis gas stream, wherein a purge stream containing hydrogen is recovered from the methanol synthesis step (c) and a portion of the purge gas stream is fed to the autothermal reformer and/or the second synthesis gas in step (b).

An ammonia manufacturing apparatus includes: an electrochemical reaction unit including a first electrolytic bath for accommodating a first electrolytic solution, an oxidation electrode disposed in the first electrolytic bath, a second electrolytic bath for accommodating a second electrolytic solution containing nitrogen, an ammonia producing catalyst, and a reducing agent, a reduction electrode disposed in the second electrolytic bath, and a diaphragm, and configured to reduce nitrogen by the ammonia producing catalyst and the reducing agent in the second electrolytic bath to produce ammonia, and reduce the reducing agent oxidized due to the production of ammonia, at the reduction electrode by connecting the oxidation electrode and the reduction electrode to a power supply; a nitrogen supply unit including a nitrogen supply part for dissolving nitrogen in the second electrolytic solution; and an ammonia separation unit including a separation part configured to separate ammonia from the second electrolytic solution.