The present invention manufactures titanium oxide particles that have a small degree of aggregation (size of aggregate particle diameter relative to primary particle diameter) and are not readily sintered by heating. The present invention has: a step in which an alkali and a solution including a carboxylic acid and a titanium (oxy)chloride are mixed, and the titanium (oxy)chloride is hydrolyzed by neutralization; and a step in which, after the hydrolysis by neutralization, the solution is heated to a temperature of 80 C. or more and 110 C. or less, and the titanium (oxy)chloride remaining in the solution is hydrolyzed by heating. It is thus possible to obtain titanium oxide particles that have a small degree of aggregation and a range of 1-35 for the ratio (D90/BET diameter) between the 90% cumulative mass particle size distribution diameter (D90) (nm) as measured by a dynamic light-scattering particle diameter distribution measurement device and the BET diameter (nm) as calculated from the specific surface area of the titanium oxide particles.

Provided are: titanium oxide fine particles having small primary particle diameters and small agglomerated particle diameters; and a method for producing titanium oxide fine particles. The BET diameters of the titanium oxide fine particles are 1-50 nm; the agglomerated particle diameters thereof are 1-200 nm; and the (agglomerated particle diameter)/(BET diameter) ratio is 1-40. Titanium (oxy)chloride is hydrolyzed in an aqueous solvent, while controlling the pH range and the temperature range. Preferably, titanium (oxy)chloride is subjected to a primary hydrolysis in an aqueous solvent, and a secondary hydrolysis is subsequently carried out, while adding titanium (oxy)chloride thereto.

The present invention provides a TiO.sub.2-based coagulant and use thereof. The TiO.sub.2-based coagulant is obtained by the following steps: uniformly mixing acetylacetone and ethanol and dropwise adding titanium tetrachloride to obtain a solution A; mixing deionized water and ethanol to obtain a solution B; dropwise adding solution B to solution A; stirring to obtain a sol, and then aging the sol to constant weight to obtain the TiO.sub.2-based coagulant. The TiO.sub.2-based coagulant can be used for treating waste water and algae-laden water. The TiO.sub.2-based coagulant exhibits good coagulation effects and high stability, solves the problem of too low effluent pH caused by strong inorganic titanate acidity and is favorable to the subsequent treatment of waste water.

Compositions and methods of making are provided for treated mesoporous metal oxide microspheres electrodes. The compositions include microspheres with an average diameter between about 200 nanometers and about 10 micrometers and mesopores on the surface and interior of the microspheres. The methods of making include forming a mesoporous metal oxide microsphere composition and treating the mesoporous metal oxide microspheres by at least annealing in a reducing atmosphere, doping with an aliovalent element, and coating with a coating composition.

A method of manufacturing a titanium dioxide nanomaterial according to the present invention comprises: mixing a titanium (III) chloride solution, ethanol, and a sodium chloride solution to obtain a solution to be sonicated; performing probe ultrasonication to the solution to be sonicated with an opening time and a pulse closing time for a sonicating time at a power of 45 W to 55 W and under a temperature of 23 C. to 27 C. to obtain a reaction solution; adding deionized water dropwise into the reaction solution with a predetermined adding rate, and gradually increasing the temperature of the reaction solution to 80 C. with a predetermined ramping rate to obtain a solution to be centrifuged; and centrifuging the solution to be centrifuged to separate a precipitate, wherein the precipitate includes the titanium dioxide nanomaterial.

The present invention belongs to the field of preparation technique of inorganic, functional material and provides a method for preparing nanometer titanium dioxide which comprises the following steps: (1) dissolving ilmenite powder using hydrochloric acid to obtain a raw ore solution; (2) eliminating the iron element in the raw ore solution to obtain a final solution containing titanium ions (3) heating the final solution for hydrolysis to obtain a hydrolyzed product containing titanium dioxide; and (4) calcining the obtained hydrolyzed product to obtain nanometer titanium dioxide. The present invention has the advantages that the raw materials can be easily obtained, the energy consumption is low, both rutile type titanium dioxide and anatase type titanium dioxide can be produced, and the product has high purity, small particle diameter, narrow particle diameter distribution and good dispersibility.

Ordered acicular aggregates of elongated TiO.sub.2 crystallites which resemble nano-sized flower bouquets and/or triangular funnels, and process for their preparation by thermally hydrolyzing a soluble TiO.sub.2 precursor compound in aqueous solution in the presence of a morphology controlling agent selected from carboxylic acids and amino acids.

There are provided processes for treating red mud. For example, the processes can comprise leaching red mud with HCl so as to obtain a leachate comprising ions of a first metal (for example aluminum) and a solid, and separating said solid from said leachate. Several other metals can be extracted from the leachate (Fe, Ni, Co, Mg, rare earth elements, rare metals, etc.). Various other components can be extracted from solid such as TiO.sub.2, SiO.sub.2 etc.

Provided is a titanium oxide particle dispersion liquid with an inhibited photocatalytic activity and a low level of coloration. Titanium oxide particles in this dispersion liquid contain: (1) a tin component; and (2) a manganese component and/or a cobalt component,
wherein only the tin component is solid-dissolved in the titanium oxide particles, and the manganese component and/or the cobalt component are each contained by an amount of 5 to 5,000 in terms of a molar ratio to titanium (Ti/Mn and/or Ti/Co).

A semiconductor device and method for fabricating the same are provided. The semiconductor device includes a substrate including a cell region, a core region, and a boundary region between the cell region and the core region, a boundary element isolation layer in the boundary region of the substrate to separate the cell region from the core region, a high-k dielectric layer on at least a part of the boundary element isolation layer and the core region of the substrate, a first work function metal pattern comprising a first extension overlapping the boundary element isolation layer on the high-k dielectric layer, and a second work function metal pattern comprising a second extension overlapping the boundary element isolation layer on the first work function metal pattern, wherein a first length of the first extension is different from a second length of the second extension.