A positive electrode active material includes a center portion including a first lithium transition metal oxide with an average composition represented by Formula 1,
Li.sub.1+a1(Ni.sub.b1Co.sub.c1Mn.sub.d1Al.sub.e1M.sup.1.sub.f1)O.sub.2  [Formula 1] wherein, in Formula 1, −0.1≤a1≤0.2, 0.8≤b1<1.0, 0<c1≤0.2, 0<d1≤0.1, 0<e1≤0.05, 0≤f1≤0.05, b1/c1≤25, and b1/d1≥20, and M.sup.1 includes at least one selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ti, Zr, Nb, and W, and a surface portion including a second lithium transition metal oxide with an average composition represented by Formula 2,
Li.sub.1+a2(Ni.sub.b2Co.sub.c2Mn.sub.d2Al.sub.e2M.sup.1.sub.f2)O.sub.2  [Formula 2] wherein, in Formula 2, −0.1≤a2≤0.2, 0.6≤b2≤0.95, 0≤c2≤0.2, 0≤d2≤0.1, 0≤e2≤0.05, 0≤f2≤0.05, b2/c2≤13, and b2/d2≥3, and M.sup.1 includes at least one selected from the group consisting of Mg, Ti, Zr, Nb, and W.

A composition includes a first portion including Ni-rich LiNi.sub.xCo.sub.γMn.sub.zO.sub.2, where 0.5<x<1, 0<y<1, 0<z<1; a second portion including Li.sub.αZr.sub.βO.sub.γ, where 0<α<9, 0<β<3, and 1<γ<10 such that the second portion is coated on the first portion, and the first portion is doped with an elemental metal selected from at least one of Zr, Si, Sn, Nb, Ta, Al, and Fe. A method of forming a composition includes mixing a metal precursor with nickel-cobalt-manganese (NCM) precursor to form a first mixture; adding a lithium-based compound to the first mixture to form a second mixture; and calcining the second mixture at a predetermined temperature for a predetermined time to form the composition.

A method for recycling a positive electrode material. the method includes obtaining positive electrode material particles from a positive electrode. The method further includes mixing the positive electrode material particles with a solution or powder containing sodium ions and heat-treating the mixture including the positive electrode material particles and the solution or power containing sodium ions. The method further includes rinsing the heat-treated positive electrode material particles with water.

The present invention relates to an electrode active material, a preparation method thereof, an electrode, a battery, and an apparatus. The electrode active material includes: a core and a coating layer, where the core includes a ternary material, the coating layer coats the core, the coating layer includes a reaction product of a sulfur-containing compound and a lithium-containing compound, and the reaction product includes element Li, element S, and element O.

A positive electrode material for a secondary battery, including a first positive electrode active material and a second positive electrode active material, wherein the first positive electrode active material and the second positive electrode active material consist of a lithium composite transition metal oxide including at least two or more transition metals selected from the group consisting of nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co) and manganese (Mn) are provided. The average particle size (D.sub.50) of the first positive electrode active material is two or more times larger than that of the second positive electrode active material, and the first positive electrode active material has a concentration gradient in which at least one of Ni, Co or Mn contained in the lithium composite transition metal oxide has a concentration difference of 1.5 mol % or more between the center and the surface of a particle of the lithium composite transition metal oxide.

This application provides a positive active material, a positive electrode plate, an electrochemical energy storage apparatus, and an apparatus. The positive active material is Li.sub.xNi.sub.yCo.sub.zM.sub.kMe.sub.pO.sub.rA.sub.m, or Li.sub.xNi.sub.yCo.sub.zM.sub.kMe.sub.pO.sub.rA.sub.m with a coating layer on its surface; and the positive active material is single crystal or quasi-single crystal particles, and a particle size D.sub.n10 of the positive active material satisfies: 0.3 μm≤D.sub.n10≤2 μm. In this application, particle morphology of the positive active material and an amount of micro powder in the positive active material are properly controlled, to effectively reduce side reactions between the positive active material and an electrolyte solution, decrease gas production of the electrochemical energy storage apparatus, and improve storage performance of the electrochemical energy storage apparatus without deteriorating an energy density, cycle performance, and rate performance of the electrochemical energy storage apparatus.

Compounds that can be used as cathode active materials for lithium ion batteries are described. In some embodiments, the cathode active material includes the compound Li.sub.xNi.sub.aM.sub.bN.sub.cO.sub.2 where M is selected from Mn, Ti, Zr, Ge, Sn, Te and a combination thereof; N is selected from Mg, Be, Ca, Sr, Ba, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, and a combination thereof; 0.9<x<1.1; 0.7<a<1; 0<b<0.3; 0<c<0.3; and a+b+c=1. Other cathode active materials, precursors, and methods of manufacture are presented.

Provided are a nickel-based active material for a lithium secondary battery, a method of preparing the nickel-based active material, and a lithium secondary battery including a positive electrode including the nickel-based active material. The nickel-based active material includes at least one secondary particle that includes at least two primary particle structures, the primary particle structures each including a porous inner portion and an outer portion having a radially arranged structure, and the secondary particle including at least two radial centers.

A lithium-manganese composite oxide containing a lithium-iron-manganese composite oxide represented by the composition formula. Li.sub.1+x−w(Fe.sub.yNi.sub.zMn.sub.1−y−z).sub.1−xO.sub.2−δ, where 0<x<⅓, 0≤w<0.8, 0<y<1, 0<z<0.5, y+z<1, and 0≤δ<0.5, in which at least in a state of charge of a lithium ion battery using the lithium-manganese composite oxide as a positive-electrode active material, at least some of iron atoms are pentavalent.

The positive electrode active material with lithium composite oxide A containing W and Ni and W-free lithium composite oxide B containing Ni. Regarding the lithium composite oxide A, the proportion of Ni relative to the total moles of metal elements except for lithium is 30 to 60 mol %, 50% particle size D50 is 2 to 6 μm, 10% particle size D10 is 1.0 μm or more, and 90% particle size D90 is 6.8 μm or less. Regarding the lithium composite oxide B, the proportion of Ni relative to the total moles of metal elements except for lithium is 50 to 95 mol %, 50% particle size D50 is 10 to 22 μm, 10% particle size D10 is 7.0 μm or more, and 90% particle size D90 is 22.5 μm or less. The mass ratio of the lithium composite oxide B to the lithium composite oxide A is 1:1 to 5.7:1.