An electrode apparatus for removing contaminants from a fluid is provided. In another aspect, an electrochemical destruction apparatus for wastewater effluent using Boron-doped diamond electrodes is employed. A further aspect of the present apparatus includes a fluid-carrying conduit, electrodes located within the conduit, an electrical controller connected to the electrodes, a sensor connected to the controller being adapted to sense a chemical characteristic associated with contaminants in the fluid, and the controller automatically varying an electrical characteristic associated with at least one of the electrodes based, at least in part, on an input from the sensor. Yet another aspect includes a programmable controller and software which automatically employ a feedback control loop to increase or decrease electrical current density to contaminant-removing electrodes.

An apparatus for oxygenating water includes a discharge chamber with a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet, an electronic unit coupled to the discharge chamber, and a power source configured to power the electronic unit. The electronic unit is configured to interact with water disposed within the discharge chamber. The electronic unit is configured to apply a sequence of increasing pulses to the water to produce oxygenated water.

The present disclosure provides devices and methods of using same for cleansing a solution (e.g., a salt or used dialysis solution) of urea via electrooxidation, and more specifically to cleansing a renal therapy solution/dialysis solution of urea via electrooxidation so that the renal therapy solution/dialysis solution can be used or reused for treatment of a patient. In an embodiment, a device for the removal of urea from a fluid having urea to produce a cleansed fluid includes a urea decomposition unit and an electrodialysis unit.

A preparation method and use of a graphite felt (GF)-supported metal-organic framework (MOF) cathode material is disclosed. The preparation method includes the following steps: preparing an iron salt, Pluronic F127, a weak acid, 2-aminoterephthalic acid, and a carbon felt; adding the iron salt and Pluronic F127 to deionized water and stirring a resulting mixture; adding the weak acid and 2-aminoterephthalic acid to the mixture, and stirring a resulting mixture to obtain an MOF precursor solution; adding the MOF precursor solution together with a pretreated carbon felt to a reactor, and sealing the reactor for hydrothermal reaction; and washing and vacuum drying a reaction product to obtain the cathode material. With a porous structure and a large specific surface area (SSA), the cathode material significantly increases the output of H.sub.2O.sub.2 when used in an electric Fenton system.

A method of cleaning used dialysis fluid having urea to produce a cleaned dialysis fluid, the method including passing the used dialysis fluid having urea through a combination electrodialysis and urea oxidation cell, the cell including (i) a first set of electrodes for separation of the used dialysis fluid having urea into an acid stream and a basic stream, wherein the first set of electrodes includes an anode and a cathode; (ii) one or more second set of electrodes positioned to contact the basic stream with an electrocatalytic surface for decomposition of urea via electrooxidation, wherein the one or more second set of electrodes includes an anode and a cathode; and (iii) at least one power source to provide the first and second sets of electrodes with an electrical charge to activate the electrocatalytic surface.

The present invention relates to a process for purification of wastewater. In particular, the present invention pertains to an improved process for purification of wastewater by employing anolyte as an additive.

An automated total organic carbon analyzer is described. Embodiments of the system include two features, namely the development of a selective oxidation reactor to oxidize organic contaminants to their corresponding organic acids, and the measurement of the organic acids individually by chain length using an electroanalytical detector. Combining this electroanalytical approach with sequential detection capabilities (such as spectrophotometry) can expand the instrument capabilities by providing organic contaminant speciation. The described reactor performs selective oxidation of organic carbon to organic acids followed by complexation with a proprietary ligand, then selective detection using electroanalytical accumulation and desorption of organic acids performed at an electrode surface.

A reactive oxygen species formulation is provided by preparing a peracid mixture in an activated pH range including mixing alkaline hydrogen peroxide solution with acyl donor in molar proportions with an excess of the acyl donor to hydrogen peroxide. The hydrogen peroxide and acyl donor are reacted to produce a peracid mixture comprising no more than a small quantity of hydrogen peroxide, and pH is adjusted as needed to initially prepare the formulation in the activated pH range. Water treatment with the reactive oxygen species formulation facilitates formation and separation of solids removable during clarification, and which may be followed by a second treatment with the reactive oxygen species formulation for antimicrobial treatment of clarified water.

Disclosed is a method of simultaneously processing fly ash and COPR, which can treat the fly ash and COPR harmlessly during the landfilling process through biochemical and engineering measures. The method includes: transferring the fly ash and COPR to the yard; laying an impervious layer inside the yard; laying a diversion material at a bottom of the yard; laying a mixture layer on the diversion material, where the mixture layer contains a biogas residue, a waste carbon source, ferrous sulfate, a nutritional additive, the waste incineration fly ash and COPR; placing an internal-electrolysis ceramsite layer on the mixture layer; injecting a carbon source solution from an upper portion of the yard and collecting a leachate to a collection device through the diversion material irregularly during the operation; and recirculating the leachate to a top of the yard for spray reinjection.

A trace metal analysis detector and method of operating the same to detect metals in various fluid samples using boron doped diamond working electrodes.