A covering is particularly suited for use in a machine for producing and/or finishing a paper, cardboard, tissue or pulp web. The covering has a basic structure formed as a part of a flat woven material, which flat woven material is designed as a woven material by interlacing warp threads and weft threads. The portion of the flat woven material has a plurality of sections that are formed integrally with each other, with at least one property of one of the sections differing from the respective property of at least one adjacent section.

A stack of electrochemical cells for wastewater treatment is disclosed comprising at least one electrochemical cell having a solid polymer membrane, an anode catalyst layer and a cathode catalyst layer adjacent to each side of the membrane, an open pore mesh placed next to each of the catalyst layers and a compression frame placed next to each open pore mesh. A cover is placed between the compression frames of two neighbouring electrochemical cells in the stack thereby forming an enclosure which spans the distance between the two neighbouring electrochemical cells thereby isolating the cathode catalyst layer or the anode catalyst layer from the solution in the reactor tank in which the stack is immersed.

An apparatus is for injuring or killing undesired organisms in water in a channel. The apparatus has an insert which is arranged to be releasably attached to the channel on the inside of the channel, a plurality of electrodes that are attached to the insert, the insert being formed from an electrically insulating material and the plurality of electrodes being connected to a power-supply unit. A method for using the apparatus in the channel is described as well.

An anode for generating ozone by electrolysis of water, a preparation method and use thereof, an ozone generating system, and a dental scaler are provided. The anode includes a titanium substrate and a composite oxide layer attached to a surface of the titanium substrate. The composite oxide layer is made of a metal oxide. Metal elements in the metal oxide comprise tin, ruthenium, manganese, titanium, and nickel, and a molar ratio of tin, ruthenium, manganese, titanium, and nickel is (200-500):(2.5-20):1:(1.5-7):(5-15).

Provided is a system and method using an electrochemical reactor and electrode materials that can effectively treat harmful algae contaminated water supply, such as lake water or seawater. The reactor features the compact design, easy transportation, scalable treatment capacity, and high efficiency for algae inactivation and the degradation of microcystin. The equipment can be installed on boats and docks to directly treat the lake water. It can be driven by electricity provided by grid power, generator, or solar panels, and requires no chemical input.

A disinfection device for performing disinfection cycles of water from at least one water circuit of an apparatus, in particular a hypothermia device. The disinfection device includes at least one disinfection circuit for passing through the water from the water circuit having at least one electrolysis cell designed as a flow-through cell for the in situ generation of oxidizing agents. The water circuit is connected to the disinfection circuit to form a common circuit. Electronics control the disinfection cycles. Power is supplied to the components of the provided disinfection circuits.

Disclosed herein are Fenton filters comprising a porous substrate and a catalyst coating the porous substrate, wherein the catalyst includes a matrix and single metal atoms incorporated in the matrix. Also disclosed herein are methods of generating radicals from an oxidant, electrolyzers, methods of generating hydrogen peroxide, and water treatment systems.

A novel cell for generating ozonated water, the cell comprises a nafion membrane separating a diamond coated anode, and a gold surfaced cathode enclosed within a cell housing with the catalyst side of the nafion membrane facing the cathode. The cell housing has a cathode housing portion and an anode housing portion separated by the membrane, each housing portion having ridges to enhance substantially even flow of fluid over the cathode and anode. The housing portions contain O-rings in grooves to prevent leaks, and alignment features to keep the electrodes aligned. The cathode and anode have an array of holes allowing fluid to penetrate to the surface of the niobium membrane. Input ports allow fluid to flow into the housing and over the anode and cathode and then out of the housing through outlet ports. The housing may also incorporate an integrated spectral photometer including a bubble trap.

Provided is a catalyst for a Fenton system, and a method of preparing the same. The catalyst includes one or more species of d.sup.0-orbital-based or non-d.sup.0-orbital-based catalyst including NO.sub.3.sup.−/SO.sub.4.sup.2−/H.sub.2PO.sub.4.sup.−/HPO.sub.4.sup.2−/PO.sub.4.sup.3− functional groups on the surface thereof. The method includes preparing a d.sup.0-orbital-based or non-d.sup.0-orbital-based transition metal oxide; and preparing a transition metal oxide catalyst comprising a NO.sub.3.sup.−, SO.sub.4.sup.2−, H.sub.2PO.sub.4.sup.−, HPO.sub.4.sup.2−, or PO.sub.4.sup.3− functional group on the surface of the catalyst via nitrification, sulfation, or phosphorylation of the transition metal oxide.

An anode, a flow cell including the anode, and a method for electrocatalytic treatment of bio-oil and/or wastewater are disclosed. The anode comprises RuO.sub.2 particles on a titanium support. The method includes flowing a process stream through the flow cell in the absence of added hydrogen, at a temperature of 0° C. to 50° C. and atmospheric pressure, and applying a potential across the flow cell such that the anode is positive with respect to the cathode, thereby electrocatalytically oxidizing compounds in the process stream to produce a treated process stream at the anode and generating hydrogen gas as a byproduct at the cathode.