A water treatment system is disclosed having electrolytic cell for liberating hydrogen from a base solution. The base solution may be a solution of brine for generating sodium hypochlorite, or potable water to be oxidized. The cell has first and second opposing electrode end plates held apart from each other by a pair of supports such that the supports enclose opposing sides of the end plates to form a cell chamber. One or more inner electrode plates are spaced apart from each other in the cell chamber in between the first and second electrode plates. The supports are configured to electrically isolate the first and second electrode plates and the inner electrode plates from each other. The first and second electrode plates are configured to receive opposite polarity charges that passively charge the inner electrode plates via conduction from the base solution to form a chemical reaction in the base solution as the base solution passes through the cell chamber.

A system for treating an effluent stream from a food production facility may include a first reactor unit including a first reactor tank and an electrical treatment reactor that is fluidly connected to the first reactor tank. When the reactor assembly is in use the effluent may travel along a reactor circulation flow path in which effluent is drawn from the first tank, flows through the electrical treatment reactor and is subjected to an electrical charge and then returns to the first tank, whereby a reaction initiated in the effluent by the electrical charge within the electrical treatment reactor continues when the effluent is returned to the first tank. A second processing unit may be downstream from the first reactor unit to receive the partially treated effluent stream and configured to further process the partially treated effluent.

A sea water harvesting process includes the steps of collecting sea water, filtering the sea water, passing the filtered sea water through a high-pressure reverse osmosis membrane to separate the sea water into de-salinated water and concentrated sea water, delivering the concentrated sea water to an evaporator, heating the concentrated sea water in the evaporator under vacuum to produce calcium sulphate, sea salt and a super-concentrated sea water. Downstream of the evaporator the super-concentrated sea water is heated to produce a concentrated mineral liquor containing sea minerals in a concentration of about 42%.

An electrolytic liquid generation device according to the present disclosure includes an electrolytic part and a housing in which the electrolytic part is disposed. The electrolytic part has a laminate including mutually adjacent electrodes and a conductive film interposed between the electrodes. The electrolytic part electrolyzes a liquid. The housing includes an electrode case having a recess with an opening to enable insertion of the electrolytic part through the opening and to contain the electrolytic part in the recess, and an electrode case lid to cover the opening of the electrode case. The electrolytic part is contained in the recess such that lamination direction Z of the laminate is substantially aligned with a direction in which the opening opens. This configuration provides an electrolytic liquid generation device that can be built with improved facility.

A water dispensing apparatus includes a source water pipe, a sterilizing water module connected to the source water pipe and configured to and generate sterilizing water, a sterilizing water pipe connected to the sterilizing water module and configured to provide the sterilizing water generated by the sterilizing water module to a user, a flow rate sensor disposed at the source water pipe, a power supply configured to apply a voltage to an electrode of the sterilizing water module, a current detector configured to detect a current value output from the electrode of the sterilizing water module based on the voltage being applied to the electrode of the sterilizing water module, and a controller configured to set a target current value of the sterilizing water module based on at least one of flow rate information detected by the flow rate sensor or the current value detected by the current detector.

A method and apparatus are provided for removing EPA regulated chemical species from industrial wastewater using green rust. The apparatus includes a green rust generator having an iron anode and a carbon cathode.

Electro oxidation membrane evaporator 1 comprises sweep air handler 60; fluid tank 20 defining a fluid container; fluid contactor/separator 30; oxidation cell 40; and scrubber 80. Electro oxidation membrane evaporator 1 may allow higher percent water recovery from wastewater prior to delivering brine to a brine water recovery system and can allow O.sub.2 from air such as cabin air to continuously diffuse into the wastewater as O.sub.2 is consumed to generate oxidants, helping to eliminate the low oxidant environment at the end of the cycle that causes pH to remain high, and low pH prevents precipitates from forming for longer so more water can be evaporated from the wastewater.

The invention relates to an electrode arrangement (10) for electrochemically treating a liquid. The electrode arrangement (10) has two electrodes (2), each of which has at least one electrode surface (4) and at least one through-flow chamber (34) with at least one inlet (22) and at least one outlet (24). The at least one through-flow chamber (34) is delimited on at least one first face by at least one electrode (2) which has a structure (8) on its electrode surface (4) such that a distance between the electrode surface (4) and a second through-flow chamber (34) face lying opposite the first face is varied. The invention is characterized in that the structure (8) forms at least 30% of the electrode surface (4) and is designed such that the distance between the electrode surface (4) and the second face increases and decreases multiple times along at least one direction, and the liquid flowing through the through-flow chamber (34) is mixed by means of the structure (8) and is set into a turbulent flow in particular.

An electrochemical reactor designed to increase the efficiency of hydrogen production from faeces and urine (excrement) is disclosed. Said reactor comprises two half-cells separated in a selective manner, a membrane systems separating the half-cells (comprising a proton-exchange and an anion-exchange membranes) and a system of electrical bridges that allow two mutually perpendicular electrical fields to be formed, with the electrical field in the horizontal direction between the two half-cells being greater than the vertical electrical field generated within the anode. The half-cells have a configuration of two resistances in series, which allows the potential of each compartment to be controlled in an independent and complementary manner by adjusting the conductivity of the solutions in the half-cells. Said configuration allows the consumption of energy to form hydrogen to be significantly reduced in comparison with conventional electrolytic cells using water in an alkaline medium by combining the chemical processes of electrolysis (anode) and the law of chemical equilibrium (cathode).

A system and method for delivering silver ion biocide is described herein. The systems described relate to passing water from a water system through a silver ion release module and optional high-concentration silver ion release module. The system includes an analyzer, detector, and/or controller for monitoring the concentration of silver ion and adjusting the flow path, flow rate, temperature and/or pH of the water in order to obtain the desired concentration of silver ion. The system optionally includes other metal ions released into a water system, the concentration of which may be used to automatically calibrate the described system and/or cause the system to take actions based on the measured concentration of silver ion or of the second metal ion.