A method of sanitising a section of a water purification apparatus able to provide a purified water stream having a conductivity of less than 1 S/cm at 25 C. to a dispense outlet, the water purification apparatus having a purified water recirculating section including at least one deioniser and the dispense outlet, comprising at least the steps of: (i) providing recirculation in the purified water recirculating section; (ii) providing ozone-generation in the purified water recirculating section after the at least one deioniser; (iii) allowing the ozone to circulate around the purified water recirculating section to sanitise at least the part of the purified water recirculating section having the dispense outlet; and (iv) using ultra violet radiation to stop the sanitising prior to the at least one deioniser. The use of in-line generated ozone to sanitise a water purifying stage has a number of advantages, including in particular automation, directly dissolved ozone, being environmentally friendly compared to the use of previous sanitisation materials such as chlorine tablets, and the avoidance of requiring any rinsing and flushing steps or cycles, with its attendant waste of water going to a drain only.

An electrochemically reactive membrane filtration system that exhibits antifouling characteristics, high surface reactivity and removal of organic pollutants and microbes in water. Such electrochemically reactive membrane systems can be incorporated as a core part of point-of-use (POU) water treatment and disinfection devices that exhibit performance of water purification at the endpoint of drinking water supply (e.g., tap water or pure water machine) and warrant the drinking water quality.

A system and a method for removing gas field chemicals from a feed stream are provided. An exemplary method includes performing a forward osmosis on a feed stream including gas field chemicals to form a concentrated feed stream, and treating the concentrated feed stream in an electrochemical process to form treated water.

According to the present invention there is provided assemblies for treating polluted water, the assemblies comprising, a vessel which defines a volume in which said polluted water can be located; piezoelectric element located within said volume; a means for straining the piezoelectric element so as to generate transient electric charges on a surface of said piezoelectric element so that said generated transient electric charges cause redox reactions which degrade pollutants in the polluted water. There is further provided corresponding methods for treating polluted water.

Systems and methods for watercraft and marine propulsions systems having marine environment enhancement capabilities are disclosed.

Electrolytic liquid generating device (1) includes laminated body (41) in which conductive film (46) is laminated to be interposed between mutually adjacent electrodes (44, 45), and electrolytic part (40) which electrolyzes liquid. Furthermore, electrolytic liquid generating device (1) includes a passage having inflow port (71) in which liquid to be provided to electrolytic part (40) flows and outflow port (72) from which electrolytic liquid generated in electrolytic part (40) flows out. The passage is formed such that liquid flowing direction (X) crosses laminated direction (Z) of laminated body (41).

The invention discloses a loaded multifunctional catalysis composite material, a preparation method thereof and an application of the composite material to catalytic removal of water pollutants. The preparation method includes the steps: preparing a zinc oxide nano-sheet loaded nickel foam (Ni@ZnO) composite material by an electro-deposition method; compounding molybdenum disulfide micro-nano particles on ZnO porous nano-sheets by an electro-deposition method to obtain Ni@ZnO/MoS.sub.2. The composite material Ni@ZnO/MoS.sub.2 combines the advantages of components such as nickel foam, the zinc oxide nano-sheets and molybdenum disulfide from the point of material performances, high catalytic degradation activity and recycled performances are achieved, photo-catalysis and electro-catalysis are combined from the point of material application, and the catalytic activity of the composite material is improved by the aid of synergistic effects of photo-catalysis and electro-catalysis.

An oxygen emitter which is an electrolytic cell is disclosed. When the anode and cathode are separated by a critical distance, very small microbubbles and nanobubbles of oxygen are generated. The very small oxygen bubbles remain in suspension, forming a solution supersaturated in oxygen. A flow-through model for oxygenating flowing water is disclosed. The use of supersaturated water for enhancing the growth of plants is disclosed. Methods for applying supersaturated water to plants manually, by drip irrigation or in hydroponic culture are described. The treatment of waste water by raising the dissolved oxygen with the use of an oxygen emitter is disclosed.

A fluid treatment unit (TU) comprises a first anode electrode (5), a second grounded electrode (7) and an ultrasound generator (12) mounted to the grounded electrode (7), the grounded electrode (7) and a facing first anode electrode (5) defining between them a treatment zone (9), the unit TU having an inlet (2) for introduction of fluid to the treatment zone (9) and an outlet (3) for egress of treated fluid from the treatment zone (9), the treatment zone (9) providing a flow path along which fluid entering through the inlet (2) is flowable towards the outlet (3), the flow path extending substantially along the surface of both the second ground electrode (7) and a facing first anode electrode (5).

The present invention belongs to the sewage treatment and sand remediation technology, it is about a new type of system and method about sand/water remediation with photocatalytic fuel cell. The characteristic photocatalytic fuel cell (PFC) using photons or solar energy to produce highly active electron/holes is introduced into soil remediation system to degrade pollutants. In the constructed Visible light photocatalytic fuel cell sand water remediation system, there was overlying water above polluted sands in a tubular reactor. Allowing static adsorption equilibrium to buildup, in the built photocatalytic fuel cell, the photocatalytic anode and photoelectric catalytic cathode were connected by wires with an external resistance. Using 50 W halogen lamp as the light source, it maintains photocatalysis and electrocatalytic reactions to degrade pollutants in the system. By degrading the pollutants in the overlying water, the pollutants in the sand were also desorbed and degraded, and rapidly decreased to a very low level. Thus in this system water purification treatment and sand remediation take place simultaneously.