A pet drinking device includes a water tank including a water storage chamber for storing water and a drinking water trough for pets to drink water; a circuit board arranged on the water tank; a water pumping mechanism electrically connected to the circuit board, the water pumping mechanism arranged in the water storage chamber and configured to circulate water in the water storage chamber and the drinking water trough when the circuit board is driven; and a filter element assembly. The filter element assembly includes a softened water quality filter element for softening water quality, a heavy metal filter element for filtering heavy metals and an antibacterial and deodorizing filter element for removing peculiar smell, the softened water quality filter element, the heavy metal filter element and the antibacterial and deodorizing filter element are arranged on the water tank for filtering water during water circulation.

An electrolytic liquid generation device includes a stacked body in which a conductive membrane is stacked and interposed between a cathode and an anode adjacent to each other, an electrolytic part that electrolyzes a liquid, and a housing in which the electrolytic part is disposed and a flow path is formed. The electrolytic part includes a slot that is open in the flow path, and in the slot, a part of an interface between the conductive membrane and the cathode and the anode is exposed. Either one of the electrodes of the cathode and the anode has an outer periphery smaller in width than the slot of the electrolytic part. This can provide an electrolytic liquid generation device capable of improving the concentration of an electrolytic product dissolved in the liquid.

Water treatment systems are disclosed. The system includes an electrochemical cell having an inlet and an outlet, a cathode comprising a catalytic material for electrochemical generation of persulfate free radicals, and an anode, a source of a persulfate positioned upstream of the electrochemical cell, first contaminant concentration sensor positioned upstream of the electrochemical cell, and a controller operatively coupled to receive one or more input signals from at least the first contaminant concentration sensor. Methods of treating water using the electrochemical cell disclosed herein are disclosed. Methods of facilitating water treatment by providing the electrochemical cell disclosed herein are disclosed. Methods of retrofitting a water treatment system having an AOP by providing the electrochemical cell disclosed herein are disclosed.

The invention of the current application is directed to a water purification system, A water retentate treatment module, and a water treatment method. The water retentate treatment module includes an electrolytic treatment unit and a dissolved solids recovery unit. A water retentate stream is received in a electrolytic treatment unit which performs at least one process selected from the group consisting of electrochemical oxidation, hardness removal and reduction, and/or the water retentate stream is received in a dissolved solids removal unit wherein at least one of hydrogen, ammonia, or hydrogen peroxide are recovered.

According to embodiments, an improved apparatus and methods of use are provided for the removal and degradation of contaminants from a fluid stream, the apparatus comprising an electrochemical cell having at least one electrode and at least one helicoidal baffle positioned within a fluid path of the cell. The helicoidal baffle may be configured to guide fluid flow along its axis, generating turbulent vortices that disrupt the diffusion layer at the electrodeelectrolyte interface, increase mass transport, and enhance reaction rates. Parameters of the helicoidal baffle, including diameter, number of fins, fin thickness, revolutions per unit length, and meridian profile shape, may be controlled to optimize performance. The apparatus may further operate to generate oxidizing agents by electro-oxidative reactions, thereby degrading contaminants in the fluid stream and discharging a treated effluent.

A method of remediating wastewater is provided, the method comprising substantially submersing an electrocatalytic reactor in wastewater, the electrocatalytic reactor including an anode, which is mesh and defines a first bore, a filter layer, which is porous glass, carbon fiber or poly-paraphenylene terephthalamide, the filter layer including fibers and interstitial spaces between the fibers, an iron-doped titanium dioxide film on the fibers, the film including a surface that is substantially iron oxide free, the filter layer housed within the first bore and defining a second bore, a cathode, which is housed within the second bore, is mesh and defines an inner bore, and a perforated air tube housed within the inner bore; and providing at least a voltage of at least about 3 volts to the electrocatalytic reactor, in the absence of a light source, thereby remediating wastewater.

A system and method for the removal and oxidation/reduction of contaminants from water in the absence of substantial oxidative/reductive chemicals includes:

a volume within a solid housing in which concentrations of contaminants are moderated from contaminated water, and b) within the housing an enclosed direction for water flow from a water entry side to a water exit side of the housing;

within the housing is a core with c) a spiral wound pair of porous conductive fibrous layers such as leafed carbon felt layers of at least two different thicknesses acting as at least one set of electrodes as at least one pair of anodes and cathodes having an axis within the spiral wound pair, and

the distribution of the spiral wound pair of leafed carbon felt layers within the housing creating water flow paths in three directions.