Oxygen permeable membrane modules are provided in a reactor in multiple stages. An oxygen-containing gas from a blower B is sequentially circulated through the oxygen permeable membrane modules via pipes and is discharged from a pipe. Raw water flows out into a bottom part of the reactor through a plurality of nozzles, and a fluidized bed F of a biological carrier such as activated carbon is formed inside the reactor. Treated water flows out of a trough via an outflow port.

[Problem] A microorganism immobilized carrier is provided that is easy for microorganisms to adhere to, and is able to reduce the manufacturing cost of the microorganism immobilized carrier and the running cost of an apparatus that uses the microorganism immobilized carrier.

[Solution] A microorganism immobilized carrier is characterized by including a carbon component and a resin, having a zeta potential of from −25 mV to 0 mV, and containing microorganisms adhered to a surface thereof and/or an interior thereof. The microorganisms are preferably nitrifying bacteria. The carbon component preferably has a particle size of from 1 μm to 1000 μm.

A surface water mitigation structure suitable for use in the storage and treatment of contaminated surface water runoff. The runoff is processed through a multi-layered filtration and treatment system wherein the first layer is one or more permeable layers that is pervious enough to allow liquid runoff to pass through it and into a porous storage medium second layer that includes one or more remediating agents, and wherein the effluent from the surface water mitigation structure can be discharged to the ground, the surface, and/or a drainage system reduced or free of contaminants.

A method for enhancing biochemical water treatment by a powder carrier includes: (i) screening the powder carrier by removing impurities to obtain a screened powder carrier; (ii) dissolving the screened powder carrier by stirring to prepare a slurry, enabling the screened powder carrier to completely absorb moisture to obtain a soaked powder carrier slurry; (iii) adjusting the pH value and adding the soaked powder carrier slurry into a bioreactor or a biological reaction structure; (iv) distributing the soaked powder carrier slurry uniformly through a hydraulic agitation; (v) loading a microorganism on the inner pore and wrapping on the surface of the soaked powder carrier slurry to obtain powder-loaded biological floccules; (vi) settling the powder-loaded biological floccules in a sedimentation zone and separating the powder carrier from the microorganism for reuse.

The invention, belonging to the field of biological treatment of pollutants and functional materials, presents a non-dissolved redox mediator biofilm carrier and its preparation method. The graphene oxide and/or carbonylation modified graphene oxide are used as the non-dissolved redox mediator, which is called as the functional material, and the extrusion grade polyethylene/polypropylene particles are used as the basic material. The non-dissolved redox mediator biofilm carrier is prepared by the screw extrusion process, which is a simple, flexible and controllable method, and possesses strong adaptability. The reactor with these biofilm carriers has high removal efficiency of refractory organic pollutants.

The invention, belonging to the field of biological treatment of pollutants and functional materials, presents a method for the preparation of biofilm carrier with biochar fixed by thermoplastic resin. Extrusion grade polyethylene/polypropylene particles are used as the basic material. One or some combination of plant biochar, straw biochar, rice husk biochar, shell biochar, excess sludge and animal waste biochar are used as the functional material. The biofilm carrier with biochar fixed by thermoplastic resin is prepared by the screw extrusion process, which is a simple, flexible and controllable method, and possesses strong adaptability. The reactor with these biofilm carriers has high removal efficiency of refractory organic pollutants.

A water treatment system that removes calcium and magnesium using coagulants and pH controls, aqueous phase organic materials from water using a biological removal system that includes microorganisms and a physical separation system that includes sparging equipment for sparging the water to remove non-aqueous phase liquid organic materials, volatile phase organic materials. An apparatus, system and method for pretreating oilfield produced water to completely remove or significantly reduce concentrations of substances that are known to interfere with downstream recovery of metals including lithium. This technology facilitates a more efficient and cost-effective extraction method from alternate sources to meet the increasing global demand.

A method for changing filler pollutant accumulation of a constructed wetland belongs to the field of environmental protection engineering. A coupling device of a microbial fuel cell and a constructed wetland is constructed by using active carbon as a constructed wetland filler, and pond sewage enters into the constructed wetland from the top of the device in an intermittent mode. A titanium mesh is taken as an electron collector for packaging a cathode of the active carbon filler by using the characteristic that electrons are collected by the titanium mesh in a concentrated mode, after stable operation for a period of time, active carbon close to a water surface and active carbon close to the bottom of the titanium mesh are taken out for carrying out specific surface area and biomass measurement, and the accumulation distribution condition of filler pollutants inside the constructed wetland is analyzed.

The present invention is concerned with a fibre membrane for use in a Membrane Supported Biofilm Reactor (MSBR) or the like, the fibre membrane comprising a substantially cylindrical sidewall defining an internal lumen from which gas can permeate through the sidewall, and characterised in that at least a part of an outer surface of the fibre membrane is engineered to define at least one biofilm retaining region which acts to retain a quantity of biofilm therein, in particular when the fibre membrane is subjected to a high sheer biofilm control event, such as experienced during a reactor cleaning cycle, for removing excess biofilm in order to prevent clogging of the reactor.

A biological reactor system treats concentrated contaminated water with a combination of upflow and downflow bioreactors that are downstream from a reverse osmosis or other concentrator. The system may have a fail safe configuration where flush water may be introduced to the reactors in the event of a power failure or when taking the reactors offline. Many reverse osmosis systems introduce antiscalant treatments upstream so that the reverse osmosis filters do not scale. However, such treatments result in superconcentrated conditions of the antiscalants in the contaminated water processed by the bioreactors. A flushing system may deconcentrate the bioreactors to prevent the antiscalants from precipitating and fouling the bioreactors.