A device for advanced nitrogen and phosphorus removal in sewage treatment includes a pre-denitrification zone, an anaerobic zone, an anoxic zone, an aerobic zone, a sedimentation zone, a biological filtration zone, and a clear water zone, where a sludge return system is provided between the pre-denitrification zone and the sedimentation zone; a nitrification liquid return system is provided between the anoxic zone and the aerobic zone; a filler layer is provided in the biological filtration zone, and the filler layer divides a cavity in the biological filtration zone to form an upper water inlet cavity and a lower water outlet cavity; a backwash aeration pipe is provided in the water outlet cavity, and a backwash water outlet is formed in the water inlet cavity; and the backwash water outlet is connected to a sludge concentration and storage tank or the pre-denitrification zone.

Decontamination of water using low-cost technology for municipal wastewater treatment for safe irrigation reuse is provided. More specifically, wastewater is decontaminated by coagulation/flocculation followed by biological filtration while incorporating, in several stages, wastes from other industries such as ceramic kiln dust and biochar. Ceramic kiln dust and alum are used in a coagulation/flocculation process which is then followed by biofiltration using a biochar material.

Disclosed are a green synthesis method of an antibacterial super-porous hydrogel, a product of the antibacterial super-porous hydrogel and an application of the antibacterial super-porous hydrogel to degradation of various pollutants in wastewater treatment. The super-porous hydrogel based on poly (ionic liquid) is prepared by copolymerization of an imidazole type ionic liquid with double bonds and polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) as a cross-linker. In the reaction system, water is a good solvent for the monomer ionic liquid and PEGDA, but a poor solvent for the poly (ionic liquid); when an initial concentration of the ionic liquid is higher than 25%, the phase separation typically proceeds through poly(ionic liquid) formation, interconnected networks with macroporous structure could be obtained by photo-crosslinking.

Disclosed herein are systems and methods that provide for increased carrying capacity of bioreactors using silica polymers. Disclosed is a method that includes supplying nutrients and silica polymers containing microorganisms to a bioreactor to form a first suspension and controlling temperature, pressure, and nutrient conditions in the bioreactor to produce a second suspension with increased carrying capacity as compared to a control bioreactor containing microorganisms without the silica polymers.

A microbial carrier and a device for treating wastewater are provided. The microbial carrier includes a bacteriophilic material and a plurality of foam cells, wherein the foam cells are disposed in the bacteriophilic material. The bactericidal material is a reaction product of a composite, wherein the composition includes a hydrophobic polyvinyl alcohol and a cross-linking agent, wherein the surface energy of the hydrophobic polyvinyl alcohol is 30 mJ/m.sup.2 to 58 mJ/m.sup.2.

A carrier to carry a biofilm in a moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) having has improved stability against environmental stresses. The carrier comprises a carrier material, wherein the carrier material comprises at least one high density polyethylene having a bimodal molecular weight distribution, whereby the carrier material has a bimodal or a multimodal molecular weight distribution. Also provided is use of the carrier in a moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) process.

A surface water mitigation structure suitable for use in the storage and treatment of contaminated surface water runoff. The runoff is processed through a multi-layered filtration and treatment system wherein the first layer is one or more permeable layers that is pervious enough to allow liquid runoff to pass through it and into a porous storage medium second layer that includes one or more remediating agents, and wherein the effluent from the surface water mitigation structure can be discharged to the ground, the surface, and/or a drainage system reduced or free of contaminants.

The subject of this invention is to use beneficial reactive support media in the form of reactive support bases or stratums that provide structural or biochemical benefits to the growth or function (including agglutination) of biofilms. The functional aspect includes the provision of a polymeric, cellulosic or silicic framework. The framework could also contain charge moieties such as cations, anions, amines or carboxyl groups whose pKa's allow them to be charged at the physiological pH for an organism. For example, a cation may provide a positive charge to help the adherence of a negative charge exocellular polymeric substance. The reactive support media may include biodegradable or refractory plastics, alginates or uronic acids or extracted bacterial EPS. These materials are reacted, retained or removed based on their physical characteristics.

Provided is a method of treating feed water comprising the step of passing the feed water through a biostratum that comprises resin beads and living microorganisms to produce biostratum-treated water, wherein (a) the area-normalized free void volume in the biostratum is 0.018 m.sup.3/m.sup.2 or less; (b) the packing density in the biostratum is 0.68 to 0.96; (c) the ratio of the exterior surface area of the resin beads to the total free void volume in the biostratum is less than 2.0 to 50 m.sup.2/L; (d) the velocity of the water through the biostratum is 1 to 1,500 biostratum volumes per hour; and (e) the Reynolds number of the flow through the biostratum is 0.10 to 3.0.

The present disclosure provides easy and cost-effective methods for 3D printing of microorganisms to form biofilms, such as genetically engineered Escherichia coli biofilms. In some embodiments, the 3D printing platform exploits simple alginate chemistry for printing of a bacteria-alginate bioink mixture onto calcium-containing agar surfaces, resulting in the formation of bacteria-encapsulating hydrogels with varying geometries. Bacteria in these hydrogels remain intact, spatially patterned, and viable for several days. Printing of engineered bacteria to produce inducible biofilms leads to formation of multilayered three-dimensional structures that can tolerate harsh chemical treatments, enabling the construction of living biofilm-derived materials in a large-scale and environmentally-stable manner.