The present disclosure provides an energy-saving technology using switching of current of an electrode terminal, which is applied to a capacitive deionization (CDI) water purification apparatus, and control of switching of the current. The water purification apparatus includes a case 110 having an inlet 113 formed in one side thereof and an outlet 115 formed in the opposite side thereof, a plurality of electrode plates 120 accommodated in the case and stacked on one another, and an electrode terminal 130 selectively and electrically connected to the plurality of electrode plates and configured to allow direct current to flow therethrough.

An illustrative expendable or reconstructable ozone generator cartridge for an aqueous ozone delivery device, for example, for antimicrobial sanitizing and/or medical treatment, includes a housing for a water treatment manifold providing parallel and operably fixed water pathways through ozone generating cells coupled to the manifold, and optionally a data logging and authentication feature.

Apparatus and method for decontaminating both contaminated waters and sorbent filter media, either separately or simultaneously, in a single system. Contaminants in a liquid flowing through a reaction chamber are removed by first generating a plasma within the liquid in the chamber, with the contaminants being broken into smaller particles at the interfaces between the generated plasma and the liquid. The combined plasma-liquid solution is then passed through a solid filter, which captures the smaller contaminant particles to decontaminate the liquid. To decontaminate the filter media, plasma flows through the filter material without the presence of liquid, the plasma reacting with the filter material to remove contaminants previously adsorbed by the filter.

Systems and methods for electrolytic spa sanitation are provided which control electrodes in a manner that extends the use of electrodes, reducing the frequency of replacement of electrodes. The system also incorporates electrodes that can be easily replaced by a user, further reducing the need to maintenance by trained service personnel. Systems and methods use measurements from ORP, pH, and temperature sensors to determine the amount of sanitizer necessary to be produced from the electrodes. The electrodes are capable or acting as either an anode or a cathode.

An illustrative control system for use with a replaceable ozone generator cartridge for use with an aqueous ozone delivery device, for example, for sanitizing objects, including hands, hands and forearms, feet, other tissue, instruments, or other object sanitizing. One embodiment of the control system calculates and transmits usage data to a memory device of the ozone generator cartridge, and also includes various sensors and drivers for controlling an aqueous ozone concentration. The control system also provides other data logging, error detection, and identity verification of the replaceable ozone generator cartridge.

Provided is a tank sterilizer composed of a power supply part including an operation switch, and a sterilization part for sterilizing fluid in a tank, wherein a sterilization effect is maximized by generating microbubbles by electrolysis or electric discharge instead of killing bacteria by using a UV LAMP, an ozone lamp, and a pressure pump, and due to the coupling of a bubble generation module and a power connection module to each other by an electroconductive connector, a separate power connector is not required to be installed, whereby the tank sterilizer is simple in structure and is easy to be installed.

Disclosed is an electrified membrane flow-cell reactor system and method for nitrogen wastewater treatment and upcycling towards ammonia nitrogen without external acid/base consumption. This electrified membrane flow-cell reactor includes a cathodic membrane module having a gas-permeable or gas-exchange membrane and a cathodic catalytic layer, an anode, and a semi-permeable membrane between the cathodic and anodic chamber. Three chambers in the flow-cell reactor include (i) a cathode chamber for nitrate reduction and upcycling towards NH.sub.3, (ii) a trap chamber for NH.sub.3 capture and storage, and (iii) an anode chamber for H.sup.+ production and protonation of gaseous NH.sub.3 to NH.sub.4.sup.+. The cathodic membrane and anode are connected to an electric power source to provide a stable cathodic potential and enable electrode reactions. This method will continuously treat nitrate-containing wastewater and achieve simultaneous electrochemical nitrate reduction from the wastewater and ammonia recovery as ammonium salts in the trap chamber.

The present disclosure provides an energy-saving technology using switching of current of an electrode terminal, which is applied to a capacitive deionization (CDI) water purification apparatus, and control of switching of the current. The water purification apparatus includes a case 110 having an inlet 113 formed in one side thereof and an outlet 115 formed in the opposite side thereof, a plurality of electrode plates 120 accommodated in the case and stacked on one another, and an electrode terminal 130 selectively and electrically connected to the plurality of electrode plates and configured to allow direct current to flow therethrough.

An illustrative expendable or reconstructable ozone generator cartridge for an aqueous ozone delivery device, for example, for antimicrobial sanitizing and/or medical treatment, includes a housing for a water treatment manifold providing parallel and operably fixed water pathways through ozone generating cells coupled to the manifold, and optionally a data logging and authentication feature.

An illustrative expendable or reconstructable ozone generator cartridge for an aqueous ozone delivery device, for example, for antimicrobial sanitizing and/or medical treatment, includes a housing for a water ozonating manifold, at least one ozone generating cell coupled to the manifold, and optionally a data logging and authentication feature. Advantageously, a water inlet and aqueous ozone outlet of the ozone generator cartridge is pluggable into and unpluggable from a docking station of the aqueous ozone delivery device, for example, a hand or implement washing and sanitizing device or a medical treatment device.