Robot 1 for bone removal from the skull 2 of a patient which robot 1 comprises a base 3 connected to a robotic arm 4 comprising a series of joints 5 to 11, where the first joint 5 of the series is connected to the base 3 and the last joint 11 of the series is connected to a surgical instrument 12, so that the series of joints 5 to 11 provide degrees of freedom on different axes to the surgical instrument 12, which robot 1 is provided with a headrest 13 for the skull 2, where the headrest 13 is directly fixated to or is integrated in the base 3 of the robot, next to the first joint 5 of the series 5 to 11.

An electrode device is disclosed that is removably implantable at least partially in a bone or other tissue. The electrode device includes a head and a shaft connected to the head. The shaft has a shaft body extending distally from the head in an axial direction of the shaft, and a conductive element including a conductive surface at a distal end of the shaft. A plurality of discrete anchor elements can project from an outer surface of the shaft body in a transverse direction of the shaft. A conductive wire can be permanently fixed to a proximal end surface of the conductive element, the end surface being located in or adjacent the head. The head can have a convex outer surface and a concave inner surface. An electrode array and a reamer tool is also disclosed.

An improved method and device are provided for forming and/or maintaining a percutaneous access pathway. The device generally comprises an access pathway. The provided assembly substantially reduces the possibility of injury while accessing and/or re-accessing a body space.

Disclosed is a system to engage one or more tools. In the system, a drive shaft and collet may be assembled to engage and disengage, selectively, a plurality of tools. A guide may be used with the system to select various features of a procedure, such as depth and position.

In an improved cranial drill guide for guiding a drill bit during drilling a brain-access hole in a skull, the improvement comprising an elongate guide-body having a wall defining an internal through-hole therealong, the through-hole sized to receive the drill bit, and a side-opening in the wall for passage of bone debris from the drill bit to outside the guide-body.

Use of measurement system and detection module with a burr instrument for surgical procedures. The measurement system may include sensors (e.g., displacement, acceleration, and/or force sensors) that may be utilized to detect potentially hazardous operation of the burr instrument. For example, when penetrating through the cortex of the bone the measurement system may be operated in a unicortical mode such that when the burr passes through the cortex of the bone, the instrument operating may be arrested to avoid damage to surrounding tissue. Moreover, the system may be utilized to detect a slip or sudden loss of contact of the burr instrument such that the instrument may be arrested to avoid damage to surrounding tissue. Furthermore, the burr instrument may have a predetermined ramp-up speed.

A surgical system includes a robotic device configured to facilitate performance of a procedure and a computer system communicable with the robotic device. The computer system is programmed to associate a virtual object with an anatomical feature, adjust the virtual object associated with the anatomical feature in response to movement of the anatomical feature during the procedure by monitoring detected movement of the anatomical feature and adjusting the virtual object in response to the detected movement, and control the robotic device based on a relationship between at least one point associated with the robotic device and the virtual object during the procedure.

A surgical system includes a surgical tool, a tracking system configured to obtain tracking data indicative of positions of the surgical tool relative to an anatomical feature, an acoustic device, and a computer system programmed to control the acoustic device to provide acoustic feedback to a user based on the tracking data.

A method for computer-assisted planning of a transplant surgery is provided. The method includes obtaining a computer-readable representation of a donor and recipient skeletal fragment; determining surgical cutting planes on the computer-readable representation of the donor skeletal fragment from which a portion of the donor skeletal fragment from the computer-readable representation of the donor skeletal fragment will be harvested; determining virtual cutting guides; performing a virtual osteotomy to separate the portion of the donor skeletal fragment from the computer-readable representation of the donor skeletal fragment from a remainder portion of the donor skeletal fragment based on a position of the virtual cutting guides that are attached to the computer-readable representation of the donor skeletal fragment; positioning the donor skeletal fragment within a transplant region of the recipient skeletal fragment; and creating a hybrid computer-readable representation comprising the recipient skeletal fragment and the portion of the donor skeletal.

A computer-assisted surgical system can include a donor sub-system and a recipient sub-system. The donor sub-system includes a first reference unit having a first trackable element, a fragment reference unit having a second trackable element, and a first detector configured to provide at least one of a first signal corresponding to a detected location of one or more of the first trackable element and the second trackable element. The recipient sub-system includes a second reference unit having a third trackable element, and a second detector configured to provide at least one of a second signal corresponding to a detected location of at least the third trackable element.