A transparent conductive film includes a metal oxide, a metal, and an epoxy, wherein a refractive index of the metal may be lower than that of the epoxy.

One or more aspects of the disclosure pertain to an article including a film disposed on a glass substrate, which may be strengthened, where the interface between the film and the glass substrate is modified, such that the article has an improved average flexural strength, and the film retains key functional properties for its application. Some key functional properties of the film include optical, electrical and/or mechanical properties. In one or more embodiments, the interface exhibits an effective adhesion energy of about less than about 4 J/m.sup.2. In some embodiments, the interface is modified by the inclusion of a crack mitigating layer containing an inorganic material between the glass substrate and the film.

Disclosed herein are a microchip provided with a titanium oxide film between a glass substrate and a metal thin film; and a method for forming the metal thin film and the titanium oxide film on the glass substrate of the microchip. The microchip has a second microchip substrate that has the metal thin film inside a channel, and the titanium oxide film, which has a low extinction coefficient, is provided as a buffer layer between the substrate and the metal thin film such as a gold film.

To provide a self-dimming system including: a main body section which is configured by a pair of transparent substrates arranged to face each other and to be separated from each other, and a frame body holding the pair of transparent substrates and forming a gap together with the pair of transparent substrates; a dimming section which is arranged in the gap and provided with a dimming element whose optical properties are reversibly changed by hydrogenation and dehydrogenation of the dimming element; a power-generating equipment which is arranged in the main body section; a hydrogen suction and discharge section which, when receiving electric power generated in the power-generating equipment, generates hydrogen by performing electrolysis and supplies the hydrogen to the gap and which, when not receiving electric power generated in the power-generating equipment, generates electric power by using the hydrogen in the gap; and control means which controls whether or not electric power generated in the power-generating equipment is supplied to the hydrogen suction and discharge section.

Disclosed herein are a microchip provided with a titanium oxide film between a glass substrate and a metal thin film; and a method for forming the metal thin film and the titanium oxide film on the glass substrate of the microchip. The microchip has a second microchip substrate that has the metal thin film inside a channel, and the titanium oxide film, which has a low extinction coefficient, is provided as a buffer layer between the substrate and the metal thin film such as a gold film.

A method for creating a hydrophilic antimicrobial diamond coating on a silicon or glass surface includes providing a silicon or glass surface, creating a second surface by seeding a plurality of nanodiamond particles on the silicon or glass surface by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD), and forming a silver nitrate and hydroxylamine solution. A third surface may be created by seeding a plurality of silver nanoparticles onto the second surface by spraying the silver nitrate and hydroxylamine solution onto the second surface and maintaining the silver nitrate and hydroxylamine solution on the second surface for a predetermined time. The third surface may then be exposed to an oxygen plasma treatment.

An embodiment radiative cooling glazing unit includes a first transparent base layer, a first light reflecting layer on the first transparent base layer and having a reflectance of 80% or greater for light with a wavelength of 780 to 1,300 nm and a transmittance of 70% or greater for visible light with a wavelength of 400 to 780 nm, a second light reflecting layer on the first light reflecting layer and including a stack of a first metal protective layer, a metal layer, and a second metal protective layer sequentially stacked on the first light reflecting layer, and a second transparent base layer on the second light reflecting layer.

A wiring board that includes: a wiring conductor; a first dielectric layer around the wiring conductor and containing a first glass and a first ceramic filler; and a second dielectric layer interposed between the wiring conductor and the first dielectric layer, the second dielectric layer being in contact with the wiring conductor and the first dielectric layer, and the second dielectric layer containing a second glass and a second ceramic filler. A sintering temperature of the second glass contained in the second dielectric layer is higher than a sintering temperature of the wiring conductor, and a grain size of the second glass contained in the second dielectric layer is smaller than a grain size of the first glass contained in the first dielectric layer.

The invention provides a glazing comprising first glass sheet comprising a printed layer on a portion of a surface of the glass sheet and a conductive coating on the surface of the first glass sheet. The conductive coating extends over at least a portion of the printed layer to form a coated print portion and extends over a portion of the surface of the glass sheet to form a coated glass portion. The coated print portion has a Developed Interfacial Area Ratio Sdr less than 27.45%. A method for producing the glazing and use of the glazing in a vehicle is also disclosed.

An architectural glass for use in a greenhouse comprising a substrate having a coating, the coating comprising a first dielectric layer, a metal layer over the first dielectric layer, a second dielectric layer over the metal layer, and a first protective overcoat over the second dielectric layer, wherein the first protective overcoat comprises silica and alumina. A back surface of the glass substrate can be coated with a scattering layer and a second protective overcoat. The architectural glass can be a monolithic glass or a component in an insulated glass unit. A method of increasing photosynthesis efficiencies in an insulated glass unit to greater than 88%, greater than 90%, or greater than 93% is also disclosed.