The present application provides a process of fabrication of erbium and ytterbium-co-doped multielements silica glass based cladding-pumped fiber for use as a highly efficient high power optical amplifier.

Ion-exchangeable glasses having high hardness and high elastic modulus. The base cover glass formulation includes Na.sub.2O, Y.sub.2O.sub.3, Al.sub.2O.sub.3, and SiO.sub.2. The glasses may further include P.sub.2O.sub.5, B.sub.2O.sub.3, and any of the alkali, alkaline earth, and rare earth oxides, as well as other divalent metal oxides. The ion-exchangeable glasses offer higher hardness, which provides more resistance to micro-ductile scratching damage. Ion-exchange of these glasses increases their resistance to cracking caused by frictive damage and increases retained strength following formation of surface damage.

A glass composition includes: 50 mol % to 69 mol % SiO.sub.2; 12.5 mol % to 25 mol % Al.sub.2O.sub.3; 0 mol % to 8 mol % B.sub.2O.sub.3; greater than 0 mol % to 4 mol % CaO; greater than 0 mol % to 17.5 mol % MgO; 0.5 mol % to 8 mol % Na.sub.2O; 0 mol % to 2.5 mol % La.sub.2O.sub.3; and greater than 8 mol % to 18 mol % Li.sub.2O, wherein (Li.sub.2O+Na.sub.2O+MgO)/Al.sub.2O.sub.3 is from 0.9 to less than 1.3; and Al.sub.2O.sub.3+MgO+Li.sub.2O+ZrO.sub.2+La.sub.2O.sub.3+Y.sub.2O.sub.3 is from greater than 23 mol % to less than 50 mol %. The glass composition may be characterized by at least one of the following: a K.sub.1C value measured by a chevron short bar method of at least 0.75; and a K.sub.1C value measured by a double torsion method of at least 0.8. The glass composition is chemically strengthenable. The glass composition may be used in a glass article or a consumer electronic product.

An optical glass with high refractive index and low dispersion, having refractive index nd of 1.78-1.95, Abbe number d of 32-50, and contains no GeO.sub.2, so it is not easily devitrified. An optical glass, represented by cation %, including: 1-20% of Si.sup.4+; 25-60% of B.sup.3+; 10-40% of La.sup.3+; 0-15% of Y.sup.3+; 0-20% of Nb.sup.5+; 0-15% of Ti.sup.4+; 0-10% of Ta.sup.5+; 0-5% of W.sup.6+; 0-15% of Zr.sup.4+; 0-10% of Zn.sup.2+; 0-10% of Bi.sup.3+. An optical glass with excellent transmittance, an optical glass preform and an optical element formed by the above optical glass. The optical element made by the above optical glass and the above glass preform or optical element blank, such as lens, can be used for optical systems.

An optical glass with high refractive index and low dispersion, having refractive index nd of 1.78-1.95, Abbe number vd of 32-50, and contains no GeO.sub.2, so it is not easily devitrified. An optical glass, represented by cation %, including: 1-20% of Si.sup.4+; 25-60% of B.sup.3+; 10-40% of La.sup.3+; 0-15% of Y.sup.3+; 0-20% of Nb.sup.5+; 0-15% of Ti.sup.4+; 0-10% of Ta.sup.5+; 0-5% of W.sup.6+; 0-15% of Zr.sup.4+; 0-10% of Zn.sup.2+; 0-10% of Bi.sup.3+. An optical glass with excellent transmittance, an optical glass preform and an optical element formed by the above optical glass. The optical element made by the above optical glass and the above glass preform or optical element blank, such as lens, can be used for optical systems.

This invention relates to an assemblage of a semiconductor processing apparatus comprising a first aluminum nitride (AlN) component and a second aluminum nitride component, wherein the first and second aluminum nitride components are connected by a joint, said joint comprising a composite glass-ceramic comprising Y.sub.2O.sub.3Al.sub.2O.sub.3SiO.sub.2 (YAS) glass; and at least one of crystalline aluminosilicate and aluminum nitride.

An optical glass includes, in terms of mol % of cations, a total amount of La.sup.3+, Y.sup.3+, and Gd.sup.3+ components falling within a range of from 5% to 65% and a total amount of Zr.sup.4+, Hf.sup.4+, and Ta.sup.5+ components falling within a range of from 5% to 65%, and a relationship expressed in Expression (1) given below is satisfied. (La.sup.3++Y.sup.3++Gd.sup.3+)(Zr.sup.4++Hf.sup.4++Ta.sup.5+)400(%).sup.2.

An optical glass having the following oxides in mass percentage relative to a total mass of the optical glass: 10.0%-30.0% SiO.sub.2, 10.0%-30.0% P.sub.2O.sub.5, 0.1%-5.0% B.sub.2O.sub.3, 0.1%-10.0% Al.sub.2O.sub.3, 0.1%-10.0% Rn oxides, 1.0%-20.0% R oxides, 0.1%-5.0% ZrO.sub.2, 10.0%-30.0% TiO.sub.2, 15.0%-50.0% Nb.sub.2O.sub.5, 0.1%-10.0% Ln oxides, and 0.1%-10.0% WO.sub.3, wherein TiO.sub.2+Nb.sub.2O.sub.5+P.sub.2O.sub.5+the R oxides accounts for 60.01% or above.