To provide a glass composition which can be used for a dental porcelain or a dental ceramics coloring material, and has low temperature meltability, acid resistance and preservation stability under the humid environment which are required for a dental porcelain or a dental ceramics coloring material, and a dental porcelain and dental ceramics coloring material which contain the glass composition of the present disclosure. To provide a low melting glass composition with softening point (Ts) less than 600° C. comprising as a component; SiO.sub.2: 55.0 to 75.0 wt. %, B.sub.2O.sub.3: 6.1 to 12.0 wt. %, Al.sub.2O.sub.3: 2.0 to 8.0 wt. %, ZnO: 2.0 to 8.5 wt. % and two or more kinds of alkali metal oxide: 10.5 to 20.0 wt. %.

A glass wafer having a first major surface, a second major surface that is parallel to and opposite of the first major surface, a thickness between the first major surface and the second major surface, and an annular edge portion that extends from an outermost diameter of the glass wafer toward the geometrical center of the glass wafer. The glass wafer has a diameter from greater than or equal to 175 mm to less than or equal to 325 mm and a thickness of less than 0.350 mm. A width of the edge portion is less than 10 mm.

A substrate for an EUV mirror which contains a zero crossing temperature profile that departs from the statistical distribution is provided. A method for producing a substrate for an EUV mirror is also provided, in which the zero crossing temperature profile in the substrate is adapted to the operating temperature of the mirror. A lithography method using the substrate is also described.

A glass includes a composition which is characterized by the following constituent phases of the glass: 20-80 mol % silicon dioxide; 0-40 mol % wollastonite; 0-30 mol % cordierite; 0-40 mol % anorthite; 0-40 mol % strontium-feldspar; 0-20 mol % celsian; 0-40 mol % hardystonite; 0-10 mol % titanite; and 0-15 mol % gittinsite. Where the composition is specified in mol % relative to oxides, the glass contains less than 11.5 mol % Al.sub.2O.sub.3 and less than 5000 ppm (molar, relative to the oxides) of each of B.sub.2O.sub.3, Li.sub.2O, Na.sub.2O, K.sub.2O, Rb.sub.2O and Cs.sub.2O. A calculated value for the removal rate according to ISO 695 is not more than 81.9 mg/(dm.sup.2 3 h) and a calculated value for the removal rate in acid according to DIN12116 is less than 3.5 mg(dm.sup.2 6 h).

A high-density optical fiber ribbon is formed by two or more cladding-strengthened glass optical fibers each having an outer surface and that do not individually include a protective polymer coating. A common protective coating substantially surrounds the outer surfaces of the two or more cladding-strengthened glass optical fibers so that the common protective coating is common to the two or more cladding-strengthened glass optical fibers. A fiber ribbon cable is formed by adding a cover assembly to the fiber ribbon. A fiber ribbon interconnect is formed adding one or more optical connectors to the fiber ribbon or fiber ribbon cable. Optical data transmission systems that employ the fiber ribbon to optically connect to a photonic device are also disclosed. Methods of forming the cladding-strengthened glass optical fibers and the high-density optical fiber ribbons are also disclosed.

A glass composition comprising: Al.sub.2O.sub.3, ZnO, and SiO.sub.2; TiO.sub.2, in the amount of at least 10 mol % and not greater than 20 mol %; and alkaline metal oxide selected from the group consisting of MgO, CaO, SrO, BaO, or any combination thereof, such that the molar sum of MgO, CaO, SrO, BaO, and ZnO, in the amount in the glass composition is least 20 mol % and not greater than 35 mol %, and such that: the amount of BaO is 0 to 10 mol %; the amount of MgO is 0 to 10 mol %
the amount of CaO is 0 to 10 mol %, and the molar sum of CaO and MgO in the glass composition is less than 12.5 mol %; and rare earth metal oxides (RE.sub.mO.sub.n), in the amount of at least 1.5 mol % and not greater than 10 mol %; alkali metal oxides (Alk.sub.2O), in the amount of greater than or equal to 0 mol % and less than or equal to 5 mol %; and not greater than 5 mol % of other components; and wherein 5 mol %Al.sub.2O.sub.3 (mol %)1.5 RE.sub.mO.sub.n (mol %)Alk.sub.2O (mol %)+5 mol %.

A method for producing a substrate precursor having a mass of more than 100 kg, comprising a TiO2-SiO2 mixed glass, comprising the steps including:

introducing a silicon dioxide raw material and a titanium dioxide raw material into a flame,

producing a glass body having a titanium dioxide content of 3 wt. % up to 10 wt. %, the glass body comprising:

a macroscopic, production-related titanium profile, and

a microscopic, production-related layer structure,

dividing the glass body into a plurality of rod-like glass body portions,

spatially measuring the titanium profile in each of the glass body portions,

connecting the glass body portions to form an elongate first glass component,

first homogenization treatment of the first glass component,

pushing together the first glass component to create a spherical glass system,

turning the glass system more than 70 degrees,

and stretching the glass system.

A glass is described, a glass article made of the glass as well as uses and production methods. The glass constituents are selected such that it results in excellent chemical stability and ion ex-changeability. The glass has a composition characterized by the following glass constituent phases: 0-35 mol % reedmergnerite; 10-60 mol % albite; 3.5-25 mol % orthoclase; 0-40 mol % natrosilite; 0-20 mol % parakeldyshite; 0-20 mol % narsarsukite; 0-35 mol % disodium zinc silicate; 0-35 mol % silicon dioxide; 0-30 mol % cordierite; and 0-20 mol % danburite. A quotient of a coefficient of thermal expansion of the glass multiplied by 1000 (in ppm/K) and the product of a pH value and a removal rate in alkaline environment (in mg/(dm.sup.23h)) according to ISO 695 is at least 9.25.

A cover glass lamination structure includes: a glass substrate having opposed first and second surfaces; an ultraviolet (UV) textured layer disposed on the first surface; and a coating layer disposed on the UV textured layer, wherein an inner edge of the coating layer extends beyond an inner edge of the UV textured layer and is attached to the first surface.

A glass comprising titania and silica is disclosed. A plot of average hydroxyl concentration of each segment of a plurality of segments vs. distance along the glass is provided by: y=Ax.sup.2+Bx+C, wherein A (in ppm/mm.sup.2) is in a range from about 0.0 to about 0.1, B (in ppm/mm) is in a range from about 10 to about 10, C (in ppm) is about 450 or less, y is the average hydroxyl concentration (in ppm), and x is distance (in mm) such that the hydroxyl concentration of each segment is measured using a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in transmission and the plot extends a distance of about 50 mm or more along the glass.