A method of providing highly reactive hydrated lime and the resultant lime hydrate where an initial lime feed comprising calcium and impurities is first ground to a particle-size distribution with relatively course particles. Smaller particles are then removed from this ground lime and the smaller particles are hydrated and flash dried to form a hydrated lime, which is then milled to a significantly smaller particle size than that of the relatively course particles.

Provided herein are methods and systems for using heat from acid generation, comprising: an acid generating system configured to generate heat and an acid: a wet solids generating system configured to: dissolve a first calcium source in the acid; and precipitate a second calcium source using the dissolved first calcium source to generate a wet solid; and a dryer configured to dry the wet solid using the heat from the acid generating system.

An apparatus includes a fluidized bed vessel with inlet ports arranged to receive at least one feed stream comprising calcium oxide, calcium carbonate, water, and a fluidizing gas into a fluidized bed vessel. The calcium oxide contacts the water to initiate a hydrating reaction to produce calcium hydroxide and heat. The fluidized bed vessel is configured to operate with a fluidization velocity that fluidizes and separates at least a portion of the calcium carbonate and at least a portion of the calcium oxide into a first fluidization regime, and at least a portion of the calcium hydroxide and at least another portion of the calcium oxide into a second fluidization regime. The apparatus further includes a heat transfer assembly configured to transfer heat of the hydrating reaction to the calcium carbonate, and a cyclone configured to separate a portion of the fluidization gas from a portion of at least one of the calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate or calcium oxide.

An apparatus includes a fluidized bed vessel with inlet ports arranged to receive a feed stream comprising calcium oxide, calcium carbonate, water, and a fluidizing gas into a fluidized bed vessel. The calcium oxide contacts the water to initiate a hydrating reaction to produce calcium hydroxide and heat. The fluidized bed vessel is configured to operate with a fluidization velocity that fluidizes and separates a portion of the calcium carbonate and a portion of the calcium oxide into a first fluidization regime, and a portion of the calcium hydroxide and at least another portion of the calcium oxide into a second fluidization regime. The apparatus further includes a heat transfer assembly configured to transfer heat of the hydrating reaction to the calcium carbonate, and a cyclone configured to separate a portion of the fluidization gas from at least one of the calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, or calcium oxide.