Provided herein are compositions, methods, and systems comprising vaterite and magnesium oxide.

Provided herein are compositions, methods, and systems comprising vaterite and magnesium oxide.

A composite production method includes impregnating a plate-shaped porous inorganic structure and a fibrous inorganic material with a metal while the fibrous inorganic material is arranged to be adjacent to the porous inorganic structure. In the composite structure, first and second phases are adjacent to each other by using a porous inorganic structure having a porous silicon carbide ceramic sintered body and the fibrous inorganic material, the first phase being a phase in which the porous silicon carbide ceramic sintered body is impregnated with the metal, the second phase being a phase in which the fibrous inorganic material is impregnated with the metal, a percentage of the porous silicon carbide ceramic sintered body in the first phase is 50 to 80 volume percent, and a percentage of the fibrous inorganic material in the second phase is 3 to 20 volume percent. A composite is produced by the method.

A composite production method includes impregnating a plate-shaped porous inorganic structure and a fibrous inorganic material with a metal while the fibrous inorganic material is arranged to be adjacent to the porous inorganic structure. In the composite structure, first and second phases are adjacent to each other by using a porous inorganic structure having a porous silicon carbide ceramic sintered body and the fibrous inorganic material, the first phase being a phase in which the porous silicon carbide ceramic sintered body is impregnated with the metal, the second phase being a phase in which the fibrous inorganic material is impregnated with the metal, a percentage of the porous silicon carbide ceramic sintered body in the first phase is 50 to 80 volume percent, and a percentage of the fibrous inorganic material in the second phase is 3 to 20 volume percent. A composite is produced by the method.

Fiber tows including a heat-activatable sizing are described. The sizing compositions have a first modulus at 25° C. of at least 150 megapascals (MPa) and no greater than 400 MPa; and a second modulus of 100,000 pascals (Pa) at a temperature of no greater than 160° C. Methods of preparing articles from such sized fiber tows and the articles comprising such sized fiber tows, including unidirectional and bidirectional constructions are also described.

Fiber tows including a heat-activatable sizing are described. The sizing compositions have a first modulus at 25° C. of at least 150 megapascals (MPa) and no greater than 400 MPa; and a second modulus of 100,000 pascals (Pa) at a temperature of no greater than 160° C. Methods of preparing articles from such sized fiber tows and the articles comprising such sized fiber tows, including unidirectional and bidirectional constructions are also described.

An object of the present invention is to provide a honeycomb filter capable of achieving a combination of high collection efficiency and low pressure loss. The honeycomb filter comprises a ceramic honeycomb substrate in which a multitude of cells through which a fluid flows are disposed in parallel in a longitudinal direction and are separated by cell walls, each cell being sealed at an end section at either the fluid inlet side or the fluid outlet side, and a filter layer which, among the surfaces of the cell walls, is formed on the surface of the cell walls of those cells in which the end section at the fluid inlet side is open and the end section at the fluid outlet side is sealed by a sealing material, wherein the thickness of the filter layer increases gradually from the fluid inlet side toward the fluid outlet side.

An object of the present invention is to provide a honeycomb filter capable of achieving a combination of high collection efficiency and low pressure loss. The honeycomb filter comprises a ceramic honeycomb substrate in which a multitude of cells through which a fluid flows are disposed in parallel in a longitudinal direction and are separated by cell walls, each cell being sealed at an end section at either the fluid inlet side or the fluid outlet side, and a filter layer which, among the surfaces of the cell walls, is formed on the surface of the cell walls of those cells in which the end section at the fluid inlet side is open and the end section at the fluid outlet side is sealed by a sealing material, wherein the thickness of the filter layer increases gradually from the fluid inlet side toward the fluid outlet side.

An object of the present invention is to provide a honeycomb filter having low pressure loss and high collection efficiency. The honeycomb filter of the present invention comprises a ceramic honeycomb substrate in which a multitude of cells through which a fluid flows are disposed in parallel in a longitudinal direction and are separated by cell walls, each cell being sealed at an end section at either the fluid inlet side or the fluid outlet side, and a filter layer which, among the surfaces of the cell walls, is formed on the surface of the cell walls of those cells in which the end section at the fluid inlet side is open and the end section at the fluid outlet side is sealed by a sealing material, wherein the filter layer comprises spherical ceramic particles, and the average particle size of the spherical ceramic particles increases gradually from the fluid inlet side toward the fluid outlet side.

An object of the present invention is to provide a honeycomb filter having low pressure loss and high collection efficiency. The honeycomb filter of the present invention comprises a ceramic honeycomb substrate in which a multitude of cells through which a fluid flows are disposed in parallel in a longitudinal direction and are separated by cell walls, each cell being sealed at an end section at either the fluid inlet side or the fluid outlet side, and a filter layer which, among the surfaces of the cell walls, is formed on the surface of the cell walls of those cells in which the end section at the fluid inlet side is open and the end section at the fluid outlet side is sealed by a sealing material, wherein the filter layer comprises spherical ceramic particles, and the average particle size of the spherical ceramic particles increases gradually from the fluid inlet side toward the fluid outlet side.