An improved process for the preparation of aggregates for use with mixtures of various carbonatable substances, in particular mixtures comprising pulverised fuel ash and/or steel slag. The mixtures also comprise a carbonatable binder. The process comprises the steps of a. blending a combination of two carbonatable wastes, b. mixing the blended carbonatable waste with a carbonatable binder, c. mixing the blended carbonatable waste and binder with water, and d. carbonating the damp blended carbonatable waste in the presence of carbon dioxide.

The present disclosure provides efficient and cost-effective methods for producing synthetic soil and synthetic stone from waste, including inorganic waste and organic waste, through a hydrolysis-polycondensation process.

The present disclosure provides efficient and cost-effective methods for producing synthetic soil and synthetic stone from waste, including inorganic waste and organic waste, through a hydrolysis-polycondensation process.

A low-density, high-strength concrete composition that is lightweight and self-compacting or non-self-compacting, with a low weight-fraction of aggregate to total dry raw materials, and a highly-homogenous distribution of a non-absorptive and closed-cell lightweight aggregate such as glass microspheres or copolymer polymer beads or a combination thereof, and the steps of providing the composition or components. Lightweight concretes formed therefrom have low density, high strength-to-weight ratios, and high R-value. The concrete has strength similar to that ordinarily found in structural lightweight concrete but at a lower density, such as an oven-dried density as low as 40 lbs./cu.ft. Such strength-to-density ratios range approximately from above 30 cu.ft/sq.in. to above 110 cu.ft/sq.in., with a 28-day compressive strength ranging from about 3400 to 8000 psi.

A low-density, high-strength concrete composition that is lightweight and self-compacting or non-self-compacting, with a low weight-fraction of aggregate to total dry raw materials, and a highly-homogenous distribution of a non-absorptive and closed-cell lightweight aggregate such as glass microspheres or copolymer polymer beads or a combination thereof, and the steps of providing the composition or components. Lightweight concretes formed therefrom have low density, high strength-to-weight ratios, and high R-value. The concrete has strength similar to that ordinarily found in structural lightweight concrete but at a lower density, such as an oven-dried density as low as 40 lbs./cu.ft. Such strength-to-density ratios range approximately from above 30 cu.ft/sq.in. to above 110 cu.ft/sq.in., with a 28-day compressive strength ranging from about 3400 to 8000 psi.

Products, including treatment compositions, and methods for improving cement performance are provided. More specifically, products and methods for improving cement hydration, and thus cement performance, using vegetation are provided. The vegetation may be processed into a vegetative extract that may be used to create a treatment composition. The treatment composition may be used to enhance hydration of cement. The products and methods disclosed herein may be used to create a stronger, lower cost, and longer-lasting cementitious product.

Products, including treatment compositions, and methods for improving cement performance are provided. More specifically, products and methods for improving cement hydration, and thus cement performance, using vegetation are provided. The vegetation may be processed into a vegetative extract that may be used to create a treatment composition. The treatment composition may be used to enhance hydration of cement. The products and methods disclosed herein may be used to create a stronger, lower cost, and longer-lasting cementitious product.

Lithium-containing cement admixtures including a calcium aluminate phosphate cement; a lithium-ion-containing compound; and an aqueous base fluid and methods of introducing the lithium-containing cement admixtures into a subterranean formation. The lithium-containing cement admixtures may further comprise an aluminosilicate or an additive including a set retarder, a set accelerator, a suspension aid, a density reducing agent, a fluid loss control agent, a defoamer, and any combination thereof.

Lithium-containing cement admixtures including a calcium aluminate phosphate cement; a lithium-ion-containing compound; and an aqueous base fluid and methods of introducing the lithium-containing cement admixtures into a subterranean formation. The lithium-containing cement admixtures may further comprise an aluminosilicate or an additive including a set retarder, a set accelerator, a suspension aid, a density reducing agent, a fluid loss control agent, a defoamer, and any combination thereof.

A cement slurry suitable for use in the presence of high salt concentrations may include a base fluid and dry components that include: a cementitious material, a pozzolanic material, a salt additive, and a salt-tolerant fluid loss additive. The salt-tolerant fluid loss additive may be at least one of the following zwitterionic polymers: (1) a copolymer of at least one anionic monomer and at least one cationic monomer, (2) a copolymer of at least one anionic monomer, at least one cationic monomer, and at least one zwitterionic monomer, (3) a homopolymer of a zwitterionic monomer, or (4) a copolymer of at least one zwitterionic monomer.