A manufacturing method of a big-model low-permeability microcrack core includes: (1) determining the size of a microcrack core to be manufactured; (2) placing stones in a baking oven to bake for 24h under 120 C., placing the stones into a mixer, mixing and spraying oil, enabling the oil to seep into the stone, evenly forming a thin oil film on stone's surface; (3) mixing the oil sprayed stone with quartz sand and cement, adding water to mix evenly to obtain cement paste; (4) spreading butter on core mold's inner surface to form a thin butter film, pouring the cement paste into the core mold to obtain a cement sample; (5) loading confining pressure outside the core according to the requirements of porosity and permeability of the mold to adjust a pore permeability value; (6) obtaining the big-model core with microcrack after the cement sample is dried and formed.

Potassium bicarbonate is coated with an anionic or amphoteric surfactant, which is preferably a metal soap, such as calcium stearate, to inhibit caking on storage, and premature loss of carbon dioxide when mixed with acidulant, e.g. in a baking powder or self-raising flour blend. Loss of carbon dioxide in the blend may be further inhibited by coating the acidulant with surfactant. Combination of surfactant coating with an inorganic anti-caking agent such as silicon dioxide gives synergistic protection against caking of the potassium bicarbonate. Preferably the bicarbonate has D50 of between 35 and 200 and is free from particles greater than 400.

Potassium bicarbonate is coated with an anionic or amphoteric surfactant, which is preferably a metal soap, such as calcium stearate, to inhibit caking on storage, and premature loss of carbon dioxide when mixed with acidulant, e.g. in a baking powder or self-raising flour blend. Loss of carbon dioxide in the blend may be further inhibited by coating the acidulant with surfactant. Combination of surfactant coating with an inorganic anti-caking agent such as silicon dioxide gives synergistic protection against caking of the potassium bicarbonate. Preferably the bicarbonate has D50 of between 35 and 200 and is free from particles greater than 400.

A manufacturing method of a big-model low-permeability microcrack core includes: (1) determining the size of a microcrack core to be manufactured; (2) placing stones in a baking oven to bake for 24 h under 120 C., placing the stones into a mixer, mixing and spraying oil, enabling the oil to seep into the stone, evenly forming a thin oil film on stone's surface; (3) mixing the oil sprayed stone with quartz sand and cement, adding water to mix evenly to obtain cement paste; (4) spreading butter on core mould's inner surface to form a thin butter film, pouring the cement paste into the core mould to obtain a cement sample; (5) loading confining pressure outside the core according to the requirements of porosity and permeability of the mould to adjust a pore permeability value; (6) obtaining the big-model core with microcrack after the cement sample is dried and formed.

An erosion resistant composition includes a granular material and a wax including oil in which a weight percent of the oil in the wax is between 0.01-15%. The granular material includes a sand and has a first resistance to flow prior to being coated with the wax. The wax at least partially coats a portion of the granular material to form the erosion resistant composition which has a second resistance to flow after coating that is greater than the first resistance to flow prior to coating. The erosion resistant composition may be used, for example, in golf course bunkers or other landscaping applications. Related methods of making the erosion resistant composition are also described in which the granular material is dried, the wax is heated, and the granular material is blended with the melted wax.

An erosion resistant composition includes a granular material and a wax including oil in which a weight percent of the oil in the wax is between 0.01-15%. The granular material includes a sand and has a first resistance to flow prior to being coated with the wax. The wax at least partially coats a portion of the granular material to form the erosion resistant composition which has a second resistance to flow after coating that is greater than the first resistance to flow prior to coating. The erosion resistant composition may be used, for example, in golf course bunkers or other landscaping applications. Related methods of making the erosion resistant composition are also described in which the granular material is dried, the wax is heated, and the granular material is blended with the melted wax.

Potassium bicarbonate is coated with an anionic or amphoteric surfactant, which is preferably a metal soap, such as calcium stearate, to inhibit caking on storage, and premature loss of carbon dioxide when mixed with acidulant, e.g. in a baking powder or self-raising flour blend. Loss of carbon dioxide in the blend may be further inhibited by coating the acidulant with surfactant. Combination of surfactant coating with an inorganic anti-caking agent such as silicon dioxide gives synergistic protection against caking of the potassium bicarbonate. Preferably the bicarbonate has D50 of between 35 and 200 and is free from particles greater than 400.

Potassium bicarbonate is coated with an anionic or amphoteric surfactant, which is preferably a metal soap, such as calcium stearate, to inhibit caking on storage, and premature loss of carbon dioxide when mixed with acidulant, e.g. in a baking powder or self-raising flour blend. Loss of carbon dioxide in the blend may be further inhibited by coating the acidulant with surfactant. Combination of surfactant coating with an inorganic anti-caking agent such as silicon dioxide gives synergistic protection against caking of the potassium bicarbonate. Preferably the bicarbonate has D50 of between 35 and 200 and is free from particles greater than 400.

Application of lecithin-based oil compositions to additive particles to control dusting. Without limitation, a method of reducing an amount of dust produced during transfer of additive particles in well operations may comprise providing treated additive particles comprising additive particles and a lecithin based oil composition disposed on a surface of at least portion of the particles. The lecithin -based oil composition may comprise a lecithin and an organic solvent. The method may further comprise mixing components comprising the treated additive particles and a base fluid to provide a treatment fluid. The method may further comprise introducing the treatment fluid into a subterranean formation.

Application of lecithin-based oil compositions to additive particles to control dusting. Without limitation, a method of reducing an amount of dust produced during transfer of additive particles in well operations may comprise providing treated additive particles comprising additive particles and a lecithin based oil composition disposed on a surface of at least portion of the particles. The lecithin -based oil composition may comprise a lecithin and an organic solvent. The method may further comprise mixing components comprising the treated additive particles and a base fluid to provide a treatment fluid. The method may further comprise introducing the treatment fluid into a subterranean formation.