This invention relates to three-dimensional printing. This invention in particularly relates to a method of fabricating a three-dimensional object using a support edifice and also using a mold material with structural additives. The support edifice is fabricated in the same crafting material as the final three-dimensional object in the same manner as the printing of the final three-dimensional object (mold and crafting in a layer by layer manner). This method enables the support edifice to also transform during post processing in the same manner as the final three-dimensional object, thus supporting the object until finished. The system for fabricating the object comprises a dual printhead comprising a first dispensing nozzle for depositing the filament material in a flowable fluid form and a second dispensing nozzle for depositing the crafting medium, which is in a paste form. The printhead can also include a heating system or a drying apparatus. The three-dimensional imaging process for making objects, preferably metal objects or ceramic objects, on a layer-by-layer basis under the control of a data processing system is disclosed. The printing of the three-dimensional object such as heavy objects or an object having different parts having a very thin gap or space. It is important to use different processing steps and/or material to print such three-dimensional objects. The present invention provides a solution by printing a support edifice comprising a special structural additive for the mold, and further the support edifice can be printed simultaneously while printing the mold and crafting-paste material on a layer-by-layer basis. The mold material is mixed with the structural additive. The structural additive is useful for prohibiting either fusing of the object with the support edifice, or in alternative embodiments, the fusing of one part of an object with another part of an object.

A preparation method of submicron powder of high-entropy nitride via nitride thermal reduction with mechano-chemical assistance, comprising material preparationgrindingactivationpreformingreaction. In the present invention, high-entropy metal nitride and silicon nitride is used as raw materials, soft mechanochemical activation technologies are used to reduce reaction activation energy of the system, thereafter, by thermal reduction of the nitride, high-purity high-entropy nitride powder is prepared with solid phase methods, and the shortage of high-purity high-entropy nitride powder is addressed. There is no impure phase in the (Hf.sub.0.2Zr.sub.0.2Ti.sub.0.2Nb.sub.0.2Ta.sub.0.2)N high entropy powder prepared according to the present invention, and a single phase solid solution of good crystallinity is formed, and distribution of elements and ingredients in the powder is even, no foreign element is present, and oxygen content is controlled to be less than 0.3%.

A sintered material includes a first material and a second material, wherein the first material is partially stabilized ZrO.sub.2 in which 1 to 90 volume % of Al.sub.2O.sub.3 is dispersed in crystal grain boundaries or crystal grains, the Al.sub.2O.sub.3 is a grain having a grain size of less than or equal to 1 m, and the second material is at least one compound selected from a group consisting of a carbide, a nitride, and a carbonitride, and 5 to 95 volume % of the second material is included in the sintered material.

Disclosed is a composition having nanoparticles or particles of a refractory metal, a refractory metal hydride, a refractory metal carbide, a refractory metal nitride, or a refractory metal boride, an organic compound consisting of carbon and hydrogen, and a nitrogenous compound consisting of carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen. The composition, optionally containing the nitrogenous compound, is milled, cured to form a thermoset, compacted into a geometric shape, and heated in a nitrogen atmosphere at a temperature that forms a nanoparticle composition comprising nanoparticles of metal nitride and optionally metal carbide. The nanoparticles have a uniform distribution of the nitride or carbide.

A thermoelectric composite material includes MXene inserted at a boundary of a crystal grain consisting of a thermoelectric material. Accordingly, the thermoelectric composite material may have a reduced thermal conductivity and an increased electrical conductivity. Furthermore, a mechanical property of the thermoelectric composite material may be improved. Thus, the thermoelectric composite material may improve a thermoelectric ability of a thermoelectric module.

Disclosed is a method of making high temperature fiber including chemically bonding high temperature material to a fiber template at a first temperature to form a precursor fiber and processing the precursor fiber at a second temperature to form the high temperature fiber. The first temperature does not equal the second temperature. Also disclosed are high temperature fibers made by the method.

This invention provides resin formulations which may be used for 3D printing and pyrolyzing to produce a ceramic matrix composite. The resin formulations contain a solid-phase filler, to provide high thermal stability and mechanical strength (e.g., fracture toughness) in the final ceramic material. The invention provides direct, free-form 3D printing of a preceramic polymer loaded with a solid-phase filler, followed by converting the preceramic polymer to a 3D-printed ceramic matrix composite with potentially complex 3D shapes or in the form of large parts. Other variations provide active solid-phase functional additives as solid-phase fillers, to perform or enhance at least one chemical, physical, mechanical, or electrical function within the ceramic structure as it is being formed as well as in the final structure. Solid-phase functional additives actively improve the final ceramic structure through one or more changes actively induced by the additives during pyrolysis or other thermal treatment.

The disclosed methods and apparatus improve the fabrication of solid fibers and microstructures. In many embodiments, the fabrication is from gaseous, solid, semi-solid, liquid, critical, and supercritical mixtures using one or more low molar mass precursor(s), in combination with one or more high molar mass precursor(s). The methods and systems generally employ the thermal diffusion/Soret effect to concentrate the low molar mass precursor at a reaction zone, where the presence of the high molar mass precursor contributes to this concentration, and may also contribute to the reaction and insulate the reaction zone, thereby achieving higher fiber growth rates and/or reduced energy/heat expenditures together with reduced homogeneous nucleation. In some embodiments, the invention also relates to the permanent or semi-permanent recording and/or reading of information on or within fabricated fibers and microstructures. In some embodiments, the invention also relates to the fabrication of certain functionally-shaped fibers and microstructures. In some embodiments, the invention may also utilize laser beam profiling to enhance fiber and microstructure fabrication.

A method of fabricating a ceramic material, the method including forming a ceramic material by performing a first chemical reaction at least between a first powder of an intermetallic compound and a reactive gas phase, a liquid phase being present around the grains of the first powder during the first chemical reaction, the liquid gas phase being obtained from a second powder of a metallic compound by melting the second powder or as a result of a second chemical reaction between at least one element of the first powder and at least one metallic element of the second powder, a working temperature being imposed during the formation of the ceramic material, which temperature is low enough to avoid melting the first powder.

To provide a sintered material having excellent oxidation resistance, as well as excellent abrasion resistance and chipping resistance. A sintered material containing a first compound formed of Ti, Al, Si, O, and N is provided.