Provided herein are nanofibers and processes of preparing nanofibers. In some instances, the nanofibers are metal and/or ceramic nanofibers. In some embodiments, the nanofibers are high quality, high performance nanofibers, highly coherent nanofibers, highly continuous nanofibers, or the like. In some embodiments, the nanofibers have increased coherence, increased length, few voids and/or defects, and/or other advantageous characteristics. In some instances, the nanofibers are produced by electrospinning a fluid stock having a high loading of nanofiber precursor in the fluid stock. In some instances, the fluid stock comprises well mixed and/or uniformly distributed precursor in the fluid stock. In some instances, the fluid stock is converted into a nanofiber comprising few voids, few defects, long or tunable length, and the like.

An article having a superhydrophobic or oleophobic ceramic polymer composite surface is formed by the coating of the surface with a fluid comprising a polymer, copolymer, or polymer precursor and a plurality of glass, ceramic, or ceramic-polymer particles. The particles have fluorinated surfaces and at least a portion of the polymer's repeating units that are fluorinated or perfluorinated. The composite can be a cross-linked polymer.

The present invention relates to a method of preparing an oxide high entropy ceramic fiber; the oxide high entropy ceramic fiber of the present invention comprises five elements among Zr, Hf, Ti, Ce, Y, La, Gd, Er, Sm; the salt or precursor corresponding to the selected element is used as a metal source, anhydrous ethanol or anhydrous methanol is used as a solvent, polyvinylpyrrolidone or polyethylene oxide is used as a spinning aid to configure a spinning solution, the precursor fibers are prepared by electrostatic spinning, and the precursor fibers are heat-treated in air to obtain the oxide high-entropy ceramic fibers; the oxide high entropy ceramic fiber prepared by the present invention has a uniform diameter and good flexibility.

A titanium oxide-based supercapacitor electrode material and a method of manufacturing same. A reactive substance of the titanium oxide-based supercapacitor electrode material is a conductive titanium oxide. The conductive titanium oxide is a sub-stoichiometric titanium oxide, reduced titanium dioxide, or doped reduced titanium dioxide obtained by further doping an element in reduced titanium dioxide. The titanium oxide-based supercapacitor electrode material has a carrier concentration greater than 10.sup.18 cm.sup.3, and the titanium oxide-based supercapacitor electrode material has a specific capacitance 20 F/g to 1,740 F/g at a charge/discharge current of 1 A/g.

Provided is a chemical sensor which includes an alignment frame that has an opening that passes through the inside of the alignment frame and includes first and second side portions that face each other with the opening therebetween and insulation portions disposed between the first and second side portions, a plurality of sensing fibers disposed in two-dimensions across the opening of the alignment frame so as to connect the first side portion and the second side portion, and a source pattern and a drain pattern connected to the first side portion and the second side portion of the alignment frame, respectively.

Mixed-phase TiO.sub.2 nanofibers prepared via a sol-gel technique followed by electrospinning and calcination are provided as photocatalysts. The calcination temperature is adjusted to control the rutile phase fraction in TiO.sub.2 nanofibers relative to the anatase phase. Post-calcined TiO.sub.2 nanofibers composed of 38 wt % rutile and 62 wt % anatase exhibited the highest initial rate constant of UV photocatalysis. This can be attributed to the combined influences of the fibers' specific surface areas and their phase compositions.

A method is provided in which a lithium titanate precursor structure is subjected to element selective sputtering to form a lithium titanate structure including a lithium titanate core and a conformal layer on the lithium titanate core, wherein the conformal layer includes titanium oxide. A method of preparing an electrode for a lithium ion battery, wherein the electrode includes lithium titanate structures, is also provided.

A method for the production of conductive structures, wherein nanofibers are applied with a photocatalytic component onto a substrate, in particular by electrospinning, and wherein a metallic layer is deposited photolytically on the substrate.

A method of manufacturing a green body, the method comprising: providing: a third composition comprising a second substrate material, a third polymer, a fusing agent, and a third solvent; forming the third composition into a structure wherein the third composition forms a third layer; and contacting the third layer with a fourth solvent in which the third polymer is insoluble to precipitate said polymer, thereby forming a green body.

A substrate is further manufactured by: arranging a plurality of green bodies to form an assembly of green bodies;
fusing the green bodies in the assembly together, thereby forming a precursor substrate; and sintering the precursor substrate, thereby forming a substrate.

A metal oxide macroscopic fiber and a preparation method thereof, the method including: adding, as a spinning dope, an anionic metal oxide aqueous colloidal solution into wet spinning equipment, extruding the spinning dope from the spinning equipment into a thread, injecting the extruded thread into a coagulating bath containing a flocculating agent to obtain as-spun fiber, and repeatedly washing the resulted as-spun fiber with deionized water and drying same, thereby obtaining a metal oxide fiber. Said method makes the process simple and controllable, being adaptable to production on a large scale. The prepared metal oxide fiber having special physical and chemical properties is widely applicable in terms of intelligent spinning, biomedicine, energy recycling and conversion, and the field of microelectronic devices and the like.