A gas nozzle having a fired surface excellent in particle reduction effect is provided. The gas nozzle 1 is a columnar gas nozzle made of sintered ceramics, provided with at least one through-hole 2 through which gas flows. The entire inner surface 2a of the through-hole 2 and the end face 1A on which outlet 2b of the through-hole 2 is provided are both fired surfaces. The inner surface 2a of the through-hole 2 has a first region A in the vicinity of the outlet 2b and a second region B which is located at a further position than the first region A. The average crystal grain size in the first region A is formed to be smaller than the average crystal grain size in the second region B.

The invention relates to a method for producing a non-oxide ceramic powder comprising a nitride, a carbide, a boride or at least one MAX phase with the general composition Mn+1AXn, where M=at least one element from the group of transition elements (Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf and Ta), A=at least one A group element from the group (Si, Al, Ga, Ge, As, Cd, In, Sn, Tl and Pb), X=carbon (C) and/or nitrogen (N) and/or boron (B), and n=1, 2 or 3. According to the invention, corresponding quantities of elementary starting materials or other precursors are mixed with at least one metal halide salt (NZ), compressed (pellet), and heated for synthesis with a metal halide salt (NZ). The compressed pellet is first enveloped with another metal halide salt, compressed again, arranged in a salt bath and heated therewith until the melting temperature of the salt is exceeded. Optionally, melted silicate can be added, which prevents the salt from evaporating at high temperatures. Advantageously, the method can be carried out in the presence of air.

A method of preparing a lithium-ion conducting garnet via low-temperature solid-state synthesis is disclosed. The lithium-ion conducting garnet comprises a substantially phase pure aluminum-doped cubic lithium lanthanum zirconate (Li.sub.7La.sub.3Zr.sub.2O.sub.14). The method includes preparing nanoparticles comprising lanthanum zirconate (La.sub.2Zr.sub.2O.sub.7-np) via pyrolysis-mediated reaction of lanthanum nitrate (La(NO.sub.3).sub.3) and zirconium nitrate (Zr(NO.sub.3).sub.4). The method also includes pyrolyzing a solid-state mixture comprising the La.sub.2Zr.sub.2O.sub.7-np, lithium nitrate (LiNO.sub.3), and aluminum nitrate (Al(NO.sub.3).sub.3) to give the Li.sub.7La.sub.3Zr.sub.2O.sub.14 and thereby prepare the lithium-ion conducting garnet. A lithium-ion conducting garnet prepared via the method is also disclosed.

A manufacturing method of a ring-shaped element for an etcher, comprises a granulation operation comprising i) a slurry manufacturing process of preparing a slurry by mixing a raw material including boron carbide, a sinterability enhancer with a solvent; and ii) a granulation process of drying the slurry to prepare granulated raw material; a molding operation of manufacturing a green body by molding the granulated raw material; a sintering operation of carbonizing and sintering the green body to manufacture a sintered body; a shape operation of shaping the sintered body to a ring-shaped element for an etcher. The sinterability enhancer comprises one selected from the group consisting of carbon, boron oxide and combinations thereof.

Molybdenum oxychloride consolidated masses, comprising molybdenum oxychloride and less than 10 wt % binder. The consolidated masses have a bulk density greater than 0.85 g/cc.

The present disclosure provides mixtures, systems, and methods for printing a three-dimensional (3D) object. In some aspects, the present disclosure provides a mixture for printing a 3D object, comprising a plurality of granulated particles. In some aspects, the present disclosure provides a mixture for printing a 3D object, comprising a plurality of precursor compounds configured to react to form a plurality of particles.

The present invention discloses an Al.sub.2O.sub.3-based ceramic welding sealing component and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of metalized ceramic processing. The Al.sub.2O.sub.3-based ceramic welding sealing component disclosed in the present invention comprises a ceramic matrix and a metallized layer. The ceramic matrix is made from raw materials such as an inorganic fiber-aluminum oxide 3D network matrix, yttrium oxide, silicon oxide, titanium oxide, an additive, a binder and a dispersant, through steps such as preparation of the inorganic fiber-aluminum oxide 3D network matrix, mixing, pelletizing, primary sintering and secondary sintering; and the raw materials of the metallized layer comprise titanium powder, tungsten powder, molybdenum oxide, boron oxide, yttrium oxide and an organic binder. Al.sub.2O.sub.3-based ceramic welding sealing component provided by the present invention has high efficiency of space filling and tensile strength, excellent tensile strength, toughness and high-temperature resistance.

Proppant particles formed from slurry droplets and methods of use are disclosed herein. The proppant particles can include a sintered ceramic material and can have a size of about 80 mesh to about 10 mesh and an average largest pore size of less than about 20 microns. The methods of use can include injecting a hydraulic fluid into a subterranean formation at a rate and pressure sufficient to open a fracture therein and injecting a fluid containing a proppant particle into the fracture, the proppant particle including a sintered ceramic material, a size of about 80 mesh to about 10 mesh, and an average largest pore size of less than about 20 microns.

A solid electrolyte includes partially stabilized zirconia in which a stabilizer forms a solid solution in zirconia. The partially stabilized zirconia includes at least monoclinic phase particles and cubic phase particles as crystal particles that configure the partially stabilized zirconia, and an abundance ratio of the monoclinic phase particle is 5 to 25% by volume. The partially stabilized zirconia includes stabilizer low-concentration phase particles of which concentration of the stabilizer at a particle center is equal to or less than 1 mol %, as the crystal particles. The stabilizer low-concentration phase particles have a particle-size distribution of number frequency thereof having a peak at which an average particle size is 0.6 to 1.0 μm, and a particle size at 10% of a cumulative number is 0.5 μm or greater, and of the overall low-concentration phase particles, 50% by volume or greater belong to the peak.

A lead-free piezoelectric material includes perovskite-type metal oxide containing Na, Nb, Ba, Ti, and Mg and indicates excellent piezoelectric properties. The piezoelectric material satisfies the following relational expression (1): 0.430≤a≤0.460, 0.433≤b≤0.479, 0.040≤c≤0.070, 0.0125≤d≤0.0650, 0.0015≤e≤0.0092, 0.9×3e≤c−d≤1.1×3e, a+b+c+d+e=1, where a, b, c, d, and e denote the relative numbers of Na, Nb, Ba, Ti, and Mg atoms, respectively.