An oxidation protection system disposed on a substrate is provided, which may comprise a boron layer comprising a boron compound disposed on the substrate; a silicon layer comprising a silicon compound disposed on the boron layer; and at least one sealing layer comprising monoaluminum phosphate and phosphoric acid disposed on the silicon layer.

According to an aspect of the invention, there is provided a plasma-resistant member including: a base member; and a layer structural component formed at a surface of the base member, the layer structural component including an yttria polycrystalline body and being plasma resistant, the layer structural component including a first uneven structure, and a second uneven structure formed to be superimposed onto the first uneven structure, the second uneven structure having an unevenness finer than an unevenness of the first uneven structure.

According to an aspect of the invention, there is provided a plasma-resistant member including: a base member; and a layer structural component formed at a surface of the base member, the layer structural component including an yttria polycrystalline body and being plasma resistant, the layer structural component including a first uneven structure, and a second uneven structure formed to be superimposed onto the first uneven structure, the second uneven structure having an unevenness finer than an unevenness of the first uneven structure.

A metering device (10) for withdrawing and dispensing a melt consisting of or containing an oxide fibre reinforced oxide ceramic composite material.

The present application provides a high-wear-resistance far-infrared ceramic polished glazed tile and preparation method therefor. The preparation method includes application of far-infrared overglaze, ink-jet printing, application of transparent far-infrared polished glaze and application of abrasion-resistant far-infrared polished glaze in sequence on a body, firing, and polishing. By adopting the far-infrared overglaze, the transparent far-infrared polished glaze and the abrasion-resistant far-infrared polished glaze in combination, the polished glaze tile can have a far-infrared function, high transparency, and high abrasion resistance.

Systems and methods for forming an oxidation protection system on a composite structure are provided. In various embodiments, an oxidation protection system disposed on a substrate may comprise a boron-silicon-glass layer formed directly on the composite structure. The boron-silicon-glass layer may comprise a boron compound, a silicon compound, and a glass compound.

A concrete durability protection method is provided, including following steps: Step one: rinsing the concrete surface; Step two: spraying agent A material or alternately spraying agent B material and agent A material at the wet surface of the concrete; Step three: repeating step two. The beneficial effects of the present invention include: nanoscale active silicate penetrates into the concrete surface layer within a certain depth and reacts with free calcium ions within the concrete to form C—S—H crystalline, thereby improving the compactness of the concrete surface layer within a certain depth, repairing defects in the concrete surface layer within a certain depth, such as the capillary interstices, pores, microcracks, etc., so as to effectively improve the durability of concrete. The unreacted nanoscale active silicate material has permanent activity. It could recover its activity when the concrete absorbs moisture, and continue to react with free calcium ions in the concrete to quickly form C—S—H crystals, realizing the permanent concrete durability protection.

A method of manufacturing a round proppant material includes forming round granules comprising fly ash and clay, wherein the fly ash is the primary component by weight, adding a separating agent to the round granules, calcining the round granules at a temperature in a range between 900° C. and 1150° C., and sintering the round granules at a temperature in a range between 1050° C. and 1350° C.

A concrete durability protection method is provided, including following steps: Step one: rinsing the concrete surface; Step two: spraying agent A material or alternately spraying agent B material and agent A material at the wet surface of the concrete; Step three: repeating step two. The beneficial effects of the present invention include: nanoscale active silicate penetrates into the concrete surface layer within a certain depth and reacts with free calcium ions within the concrete to form C—S—H crystalline, thereby improving the compactness of the concrete surface layer within a certain depth, repairing defects in the concrete surface layer within a certain depth, such as the capillary interstices, pores, microcracks, etc., so as to effectively improve the durability of concrete. The unreacted nanoscale active silicate material has permanent activity. It could recover its activity when the concrete absorbs moisture, and continue to react with free calcium ions in the concrete to quickly form C—S—H crystals, realizing the permanent concrete durability protection.

In some examples, a method may include depositing, from a slurry comprising particles including silicon metal, a bond coat precursor layer including the particles comprising silicon metal directly on a ceramic matrix composite substrate. The method also may include locally heating the bond coat precursor layer to form a bond coat comprising silicon metal. Additionally, the method may include forming a protective coating on the bond coat. In some examples, an article may include a ceramic matrix composite substrate, a bond coat directly on the substrate, and a protective coating on the bond coat. The bond coat may include silicon metal and a metal comprising at least one of Zr, Y, Yb, Hf, Ti, Al, Cr, Mo, Nb, Ta, or a rare earth metal.