A voltage-nonlinear resistor element 10 includes a voltage-nonlinear resistor (referred simply as resistor) 20 and a pair of electrodes 14 and 16 between which the resistor 20 is interposed. The resistor 20 has a multilayer structure including a first layer 21 composed primarily of zinc oxide, a second layer 22 composed primarily of zinc oxide, and a third layer 23 composed primarily of a metal oxide other than zinc oxide. The second layer 22 is adjacent to the first layer 21 and has a smaller thickness and a higher volume resistivity than the first layer 21. The third layer 23 is adjacent to the second layer 22.

A voltage-nonlinear resistor element 10 includes a voltage-nonlinear resistor (referred simply as resistor) 20 and a pair of electrodes 14 and 16 between which the resistor 20 is interposed. The resistor 20 has a multilayer structure including a first layer 21 composed primarily of zinc oxide, a second layer 22 composed primarily of zinc oxide, and a third layer 23 composed primarily of a metal oxide other than zinc oxide. The second layer 22 is adjacent to the first layer 21 and has a smaller thickness and a higher volume resistivity than the first layer 21. The third layer 23 is adjacent to the second layer 22.

A Process for providing a defined surface topography to at least a portion of a ceramic body, the process comprising the subsequent steps of a) applying a layer of a calcium containing substance comprising at least one calcium compound onto the surface of at least a portion of the ceramic basic body; b) thermally treating the ceramic basic body with the layer applied thereon at an elevated temperature, whereby a calcium compound or a calcium component based on the calcium compound diffuses into the basic body to form an intermediate body, said intermediate body comprising in its outermost surface region a calcium containing crystalline phase; and c) chemically treating the outermost surface region of the intermediate body with an inorganic acid or base to partially remove the calcium containing crystalline phase, thereby obtaining the surface topography.

A Process for providing a defined surface topography to at least a portion of a ceramic body, the process comprising the subsequent steps of a) applying a layer of a calcium containing substance comprising at least one calcium compound onto the surface of at least a portion of the ceramic basic body; b) thermally treating the ceramic basic body with the layer applied thereon at an elevated temperature, whereby a calcium compound or a calcium component based on the calcium compound diffuses into the basic body to form an intermediate body, said intermediate body comprising in its outermost surface region a calcium containing crystalline phase; and c) chemically treating the outermost surface region of the intermediate body with an inorganic acid or base to partially remove the calcium containing crystalline phase, thereby obtaining the surface topography.

An article having a substrate that includes a ceramic or a ceramic matrix composite, a bond layer on the substrate that includes silicon metal and a boria stabilizing agent, and at least one additional layer on the bond layer.

An article having a substrate that includes a ceramic or a ceramic matrix composite, a bond layer on the substrate that includes silicon metal and a boria stabilizing agent, and at least one additional layer on the bond layer.

An article includes a substrate. The substrate includes at least two phases. The first phase includes a carbon-carbon (C/C) composite. The second phase includes a metal carbide. The second phase is disposed within a plurality of interconnected pores of the first phase, wherein the second phase extends from a surface of the substrate to a depth of at least 300 micrometers below the surface of the substrate.

An article includes a substrate. The substrate includes at least two phases. The first phase includes a carbon-carbon (C/C) composite. The second phase includes a metal carbide. The second phase is disposed within a plurality of interconnected pores of the first phase, wherein the second phase extends from a surface of the substrate to a depth of at least 300 micrometers below the surface of the substrate.

An object of the present invention is to provide an SiC ceramics having an excellent environmentally resistant coating.

An SiC ceramics comprising a metal oxide, the SiC ceramics comprising a surface modification layer containing a silicate, the surface modification layer being derived from a raw material forming the SiC ceramics, which is a matrix.

An object of the present invention is to provide an SiC ceramics having an excellent environmentally resistant coating.

An SiC ceramics comprising a metal oxide, the SiC ceramics comprising a surface modification layer containing a silicate, the surface modification layer being derived from a raw material forming the SiC ceramics, which is a matrix.