In examples, a method for forming a high temperature coating includes applying a barrier coat formulation on a substrate. The barrier coat formulation includes mono-aluminum phosphate; boron carbide; and molybdenum or a molybdenum compound. The method further includes heat treating the barrier coat formulation to form an oxidation-resistant coating layer, wherein a melting point of the oxidation-resistant coating layer is greater than about 800 degrees Celsius ( C.).

In examples, a method for forming a high temperature coating includes applying a barrier coat formulation on a substrate. The barrier coat formulation includes mono-aluminum phosphate; boron carbide; and molybdenum or a molybdenum compound. The method further includes heat treating the barrier coat formulation to form an oxidation-resistant coating layer, wherein a melting point of the oxidation-resistant coating layer is greater than about 800 degrees Celsius ( C.).

An oxidation protection system disposed on a substrate is provided, which may comprise a boron layer comprising a boron compound disposed on the substrate; a silicon layer comprising a silicon compound disposed on the boron layer; and at least one sealing layer comprising monoaluminum phosphate and phosphoric acid disposed on the silicon layer.

An oxidation protection system disposed on a substrate is provided, which may comprise a boron layer comprising a boron compound disposed on the substrate; a silicon layer comprising a silicon compound disposed on the boron layer; and at least one sealing layer comprising monoaluminum phosphate and phosphoric acid disposed on the silicon layer.

The invention provides a refractory containing monopotassium phosphate, magnesium oxide, alumina, and water. Also provided is a method for making a variable utility refractory, including combining MKP with a metal oxide and alumina to create a dry mixture, adding polar fluid to the dry mixture to create a slurry, and applying the slurry to a substrate to protect the substrate from thermal cycling at temperatures between 1300 to 1600 C.

The invention provides a refractory containing monopotassium phosphate, magnesium oxide, alumina, and water. Also provided is a method for making a variable utility refractory, including combining MKP with a metal oxide and alumina to create a dry mixture, adding polar fluid to the dry mixture to create a slurry, and applying the slurry to a substrate to protect the substrate from thermal cycling at temperatures between 1300 to 1600 C.