A refractory article is described, the refractory article including a refractory body and a refractory coating layer deposited on a surface thereof, wherein the refractory coating layer includes silica, alumina, boron oxide, and calcium oxide. The refractory article may be at least one of a melting vessel, a clarifying vessel and a molding apparatus. A composition for coating a refractory article and a method of manufacturing the refractory article are also disclosed.

A refractory article is described, the refractory article including a refractory body and a refractory coating layer deposited on a surface thereof, wherein the refractory coating layer includes silica, alumina, boron oxide, and calcium oxide. The refractory article may be at least one of a melting vessel, a clarifying vessel and a molding apparatus. A composition for coating a refractory article and a method of manufacturing the refractory article are also disclosed.

Lithium silicate glass ceramics and glasses are described which can advantageously be applied to zirconium oxide ceramics in particular by pressing-on in the viscous state and form a solid bond with these.

A glass-ceramic seal for ionic transport devices such as solid oxide fuel cell stacks or oxygen transport membrane applications. Preferred embodiments of the present invention comprise glass-ceramic sealant material based on a Barium-Aluminum-Silica system, which exhibits a high enough coefficient of thermal expansion to closely match the overall CTE of a SOFC cell/stack (preferably from about 11 to 12.8 ppm/ C.), good sintering behavior, and a very low residual glass phase (which contributes to the stability of the seal).

Systems and methods for forming an oxidation protection system on a composite structure are provided. In various embodiments, an oxidation protection system disposed on a substrate may comprise a boron-silicon-glass layer formed directly on the composite structure. The boron-silicon-glass layer may comprise a boron compound, a silicon compound, and a glass compound.

A method for forming a protective coating on a surface of a ceramic substrate includes combining a rare-earth oxide, alumina, and silica to form a powder, etching the surface of the ceramic substrate, applying the powder on the etched surface in an amount of from about 0.001 to about 0.1 g/cm.sup.2 to reduce capture of bubbles from off-gassing of the ceramic substrate, heating the powder for a time of from about 5 to about 60 minutes to a temperature at or above the melting point such that the powder melts and forms a molten coating on the surface that has a minimized number of bubbles, and cooling the molten coating to ambient temperature to form the protective coating disposed on and in direct contact with the surface of the ceramic substrate such that the protective coating has a thickness of less than about 1 mil.

A method for forming a protective coating on a surface of a ceramic substrate includes combining a rare-earth oxide, alumina, and silica to form a powder, etching the surface of the ceramic substrate, applying the powder on the etched surface in an amount of from about 0.001 to about 0.1 g/cm.sup.2 to reduce capture of bubbles from off-gassing of the ceramic substrate, heating the powder for a time of from about 5 to about 60 minutes to a temperature at or above the melting point such that the powder melts and forms a molten coating on the surface that has a minimized number of bubbles, and cooling the molten coating to ambient temperature to form the protective coating disposed on and in direct contact with the surface of the ceramic substrate such that the protective coating has a thickness of less than about 1 mil.

A process of coating a substrate containing silicon with an environmental barrier coating, comprising altering a surface of the substrate and applying an environmental barrier layer to the surface of the substrate.

The washbowl includes a bowl recessed downward, and comprising a ceramics base material, an intermediate layer disposed on a surface side of the ceramics base, and an upper glaze layer disposed on a surface side of the intermediate layer, the upper glaze layer being more transparent than the intermediate layer; and a drainage port. The bowl includes an inclined surface formed on a surface of the bowl and continuously recessed downward, the inclined surface formed at a position at least on a front side of the surface of the bowl when a user uses the bowl, the position being configured to be seen by the user, and the inclined surface is formed such that a tangent to the inclined surface is formed at 5 degrees to 75 degrees with respect to a horizontal plane.

The washbowl includes a bowl recessed downward, and comprising a ceramics base material, an intermediate layer disposed on a surface side of the ceramics base, and an upper glaze layer disposed on a surface side of the intermediate layer, the upper glaze layer being more transparent than the intermediate layer; and a drainage port. The bowl includes an inclined surface formed on a surface of the bowl and continuously recessed downward, the inclined surface formed at a position at least on a front side of the surface of the bowl when a user uses the bowl, the position being configured to be seen by the user, and the inclined surface is formed such that a tangent to the inclined surface is formed at 5 degrees to 75 degrees with respect to a horizontal plane.