Methods of forming structures including a substrate (e.g., ceramic) and an interface layer comprising a metal are disclosed. Structures and electrochemical cells and batteries are also disclosed. Exemplary methods include flash sintering of metal and ceramic materials. Various structures may be suitable for use as solid electrolytes in solid-state electrochemical cells, as well as for many other applications.

An electroconductive paste comprises high melting point metal particles having a melting point that exceeds the firing temperature; molten metal particles containing a metal or an alloy that melts at the firing temperature, for which the melting point is 700 C. or less; active metal particles containing an active metal; and an organic vehicle.

An electroconductive paste comprises high melting point metal particles having a melting point that exceeds the firing temperature; molten metal particles containing a metal or an alloy that melts at the firing temperature, for which the melting point is 700 C. or less; active metal particles containing an active metal; and an organic vehicle.

A porous body is provided with enhanced fluid transport properties that is capable of performing or facilitating separations, or performing reactions and/or providing areas for such separations or reactions to take place. The porous body includes at least 80 percent alpha alumina and has a pore volume from 0.3 mL/g to 1.2 mL/g and a surface area from 0.3 m.sup.2/g to 3.0 m.sup.2/g. The porous body further includes a pore architecture that provides at least one of a tortuosity of 7.0 or less, a constriction of 4.0 or less and a permeability of 30 mdarcys or greater. The porous body can be used in a wide variety of applications such as, for example, as a filter, as a membrane or as a catalyst carrier.

A porous body is provided with enhanced fluid transport properties that is capable of performing or facilitating separations, or performing reactions and/or providing areas for such separations or reactions to take place. The porous body includes at least 80 percent alpha alumina and has a pore volume from 0.3 mL/g to 1.2 mL/g and a surface area from 0.3 m.sup.2/g to 3.0 m.sup.2/g. The porous body further includes a pore architecture that provides at least one of a tortuosity of 7.0 or less, a constriction of 4.0 or less and a permeability of 30 mdarcys or greater. The porous body can be used in a wide variety of applications such as, for example, as a filter, as a membrane or as a catalyst carrier.

An ink composition applicable by drop-on-demand ink-jet technology of the type which, without altering the decoration or the surface of the ceramic tile glaze, simultaneously provides bactericidal and antiviral action when subjected to a firing cycle at a maximum temperature between 950 C. and 1,300 C., and which has silver nanoparticles functionalised with at least one silane.

A method of metallizing a ceramic substrate includes depositing a barrier layer onto the substrate, depositing a tie layer onto the barrier layer, and depositing a metal layer onto the tie layer to metallize the substrate. The barrier layer may include an oxygen rich material, a nitrogen rich material, or a carbon rich material.

A method of metallizing a ceramic substrate includes depositing a barrier layer onto the substrate, depositing a tie layer onto the barrier layer, and depositing a metal layer onto the tie layer to metallize the substrate. The barrier layer may include an oxygen rich material, a nitrogen rich material, or a carbon rich material.

Disclosed are a bismuth sodium potassium titanate-barium titanate (BNKT-BT)-based composite ceramic material with high depolarization temperature and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of piezoelectric ceramics of electronic materials. The chemical general formula of the BNKT-BT based composite ceramic material is: 0.85(Bi.sub.0.5Na.sub.0.5)TiO.sub.3-0.11(Bi.sub.0.5K.sub.0.5)TiO.sub.3-0.04BaTiO.sub.3-xZnO, where 0.1x0.3. The composite ceramic material takes BNKT-BT ceramics as the substrate, and single-phase ZnO is embedded in the middle of the substrate to form a 0-3 composite structure.

A lead-free piezoelectric ceramic sensor material and a preparation method thereof and relates to the technical field of piezoelectric ceramic processing. The main raw materials of the lead-free piezoelectric ceramic sensor material disclosed in the present disclosure are a barium carbonate, a calcium carbonate, a zirconia, a titanium dioxide, a strontium carbonate, an erbium oxide, and a bismuth oxide. The preparation method is prepared through the steps of preparing ingredients, ball milling, granulating and tableting, debinding, and sintering, and the lead-free piezoelectric ceramic sensor material can be made into a lead-free piezoelectric sensor through applying an electrode and electrode polarizing. The present disclosure has an excellent compactness and a good chemical stability. And the piezoelectric sensor made of the lead-free piezoelectric ceramic sensor material has a high sensitivity, a strong working stability, an excellent piezoelectric and has a high Curie temperature.