Provided is a cutting tool comprising a base material and a film arranged on the base material, in which the film includes a hard carbon film on the outermost surface thereof, the hard carbon film includes a first region, the first region is a region sandwiched between the surface of the hard carbon film and an imaginary plane P at a distance of 40 nm from the surface to the base material side, and the sp2 component amount C2 and the sp3 component amount C3 in the first region exhibit a relationship of the following formula 1:

{C2/(C2+C3)}?100?2.0formula 1.

A method for coating a substrate includes spraying a combination of powders. The combination of powders includes: Hf.sub.0.5Si.sub.0.5O.sub.2; Zr.sub.0.5Si.sub.0.5O.sub.2; and, optionally, at least one of HfO.sub.2 and ZrO.sub.2. A molar ratio of said Hf.sub.0.5Si.sub.0.5O.sub.2 and HfO.sub.2 combined to said Zr.sub.0.5Si.sub.0.5O.sub.2 and ZrO.sub.2 combined is from 2:1 to 4:1. A molar ratio of said Hf.sub.0.5Si.sub.0.5O.sub.2 to said HfO.sub.2 is at least 1:3.

A method for coating a substrate includes spraying a combination of powders. The combination of powders includes: Hf.sub.0.5Si.sub.0.5O.sub.2; Zr.sub.0.5Si.sub.0.5O.sub.2; and, optionally, at least one of HfO.sub.2 and ZrO.sub.2. A molar ratio of said Hf.sub.0.5Si.sub.0.5O.sub.2 and HfO.sub.2 combined to said Zr.sub.0.5Si.sub.0.5O.sub.2 and ZrO.sub.2 combined is from 2:1 to 4:1. A molar ratio of said Hf.sub.0.5Si.sub.0.5O.sub.2 to said HfO.sub.2 is at least 1:3.

An article may include a substrate including a ceramic or a CMC; a bond layer on the substrate; and a diffusion barrier layer between the substrate and the bond layer. The diffusion barrier layer may include at least one of molybdenum metal, tantalum metal, tungsten metal, or niobium metal. In some examples, the article may include a stabilizing layer that includes at least one of a silicide of molybdenum (MoSi.sub.2), tantalum (TaSi.sub.2), tungsten (WSi.sub.2), or niobium (NbSi.sub.2), between the diffusion barrier layer and the bond layer.

An article may include a substrate including a ceramic or a CMC; a bond layer on the substrate; and a diffusion barrier layer between the substrate and the bond layer. The diffusion barrier layer may include at least one of molybdenum metal, tantalum metal, tungsten metal, or niobium metal. In some examples, the article may include a stabilizing layer that includes at least one of a silicide of molybdenum (MoSi.sub.2), tantalum (TaSi.sub.2), tungsten (WSi.sub.2), or niobium (NbSi.sub.2), between the diffusion barrier layer and the bond layer.

A method for producing metal coatings on ceramic substrates for establishing electrical contact, and ceramic substrates having metal coatings. More particularly, the invention relates to the production of weldable and solderable metal coatings on ceramic substrates.

A method for producing metal coatings on ceramic substrates for establishing electrical contact, and ceramic substrates having metal coatings. More particularly, the invention relates to the production of weldable and solderable metal coatings on ceramic substrates.

A ceramic membrane filter includes a porous substrate including cells through which a fluid flows, an intermediate membrane formed on the porous substrate, and a separation membrane formed on the intermediate membrane. In this ceramic membrane filter, the percentage of the number of cells having cracks with a size of 4 ?m or less relative to the total number of cells is 9% or less.

Disclosed are a modified barium titanate foam ceramic/thermosetting resin composite material and a preparation method therefor. An organic additive is used as an auxiliary; deionized water is used as a solvent; nanometer barium titanate is used as a ceramic raw material; and same are mixed and ground so as to form a slurry. A pre-treated polymer sponge is impregnated in the slurry for slurry coating treatment and a barium titanate foam ceramic is obtained after drying and sintering. Then, through dopamine modification, micrometer/nanometer silver is in-situ deposited on a skeleton surface. A resin, which is in the molten state and is thermosettable, is immersed into pores of the modified barium titanate foam ceramic, and a modified barium titanate foam ceramic/thermosetting resin composite material is obtained after a thermosetting treatment.

A thin-film thermocouple for measuring the temperature of a ceramic matrix composite (CMC) component includes a first thermocouple leg and a second thermocouple leg deposited on a surface of a CMC component, where each of the first and second thermocouple legs has a length extending from a reference end to a working end thereof. The working ends of the first and second thermocouple legs are joined at a junction region on the surface. At least one of the first thermocouple leg and the second thermocouple leg comprises silicon carbide.