A dielectric ceramic composition includes a barium titanate (BaTiO.sub.3)-based base material main ingredient and an accessory ingredient, the accessory ingredient including dysprosium (Dy) and praseodymium (Pr) as first accessory ingredients. A content of the Pr satisfies 0.233 mol≤Pr≤0.699 mol, based on 100 mol of the barium titanate base material main ingredient.

An antimicrobial material including a substrate and an antimicrobial mixed metal oxide, mixed metal sulfide, or mixed metal oxysulfide in and/or on the substrate is described, as well as antimicrobial coating materials and coatings formed therefrom. The antimicrobial material may be constituted in an antimicrobial surface of a surface-presenting substrate, to combat transmission and spread of microbial disease, e.g., disease mediated by microbial pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Antimicrobial mixed metal oxide, mixed metal sulfide, or mixed metal oxysulfide as described may be contacted with microorganisms to effect inactivation thereof.

When manufacturing a magnetic body which is made of a ferrite material containing Fe, Ni, and Zn, and whose Mn content is 0.1288 percent by mass or higher, or a magnetic body which is made of a ferrite material containing Fe, Ni, Zn, and Cu, and whose Mn content is 0.1178 percent by mass or higher, an iron oxide powder whose Mn content is 0.20 percent by mass or higher is used as a raw material powder.

The ceramic material element includes a main phase of orthorhombic perovskite-structure and a secondary phase due to a heat treatment within 700° C. to 850° C. for a first period followed by a second period within 1140° C. to 1170° C., from a mixture of materials A1, A2, A3, A4 and A5 excluding lead, the materials A1, A2, A3, A4 and A5 having molar ratios R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5, respectively, where the material A1 comprises potassium, the material A2 comprises sodium, the material A3 comprises barium, the material A4 comprises niobium, and the material A5 comprises nickel, and the molar ratio R1 is in a range 0.29-0.32, the molar ratio R2 is in a range 0.20-0.23, the molecular ratio R3 is in a range 0.01-0.02, the molar ratio R4 is in a range 0.54-0.55, and the molar ratio R5 is in a range 0.006-0.011, while a relative ratio of R1/R2 is in the range 1.24-1.52, and a relative ratio of R4/R2 is in the range 2.32-2.62. The ceramic material element converts optical radiation energy and mechanical vibration energy into electric energy.

When manufacturing a magnetic body whose primary component is Ni—Zn ferrite, an iron oxide powder whose Mn content is 0.20 to 0.85 percent by mass is used as a raw material powder, or, in addition to using an iron oxide powder whose Mn content is 0.20 percent by mass or higher as a raw material powder, a mol ratio of Ni to Zn (Ni/Zn) in the ferrite material is determined based on the Mn content in the iron oxide powder and the raw material powders are compounded in such a way that the mol ratio is achieved. The magnetic body does not contain any additives as essential components other than the primary components of the Ni—Zn ferrite material. A coil component using the magnetic body has excellent direct-current superimposition property and magnetic permeability.

A composition and a solid material is especially suitable for the manufacture of an antenna adapted to operate in the very high frequency and ultra high frequency or V/UHF band. The composition has the formula Ni.sub.aZn.sub.bCu.sub.cCo.sub.dFe.sub.2-δO.sub.4, in which 2(a+b+c+d)+3(2−δ)=8, 0.05<b<0.5, e.g. 0.1<b<0.5, e.g. 0.1<b<0.4, e.g. 0.15<b<0.35, 0.10<c<0.25, preferably 0.15<c<0.25, alternatively c is 0.20, 0.04<d<0.25, preferably 0.06<d<0.25, and more preferably 0.07<d<0.25, and δ<0.05.

A ceramic composition contains Fe, Cu, Ni, Zn, Co, and Cr. When Fe, Cu, Ni, and Zn are converted to Fe.sub.2O.sub.3, CuO, NiO, and ZnO, respectively, and when a total amount of Fe.sub.2O.sub.3, CuO, NiO, and ZnO is 100 parts by mole, the ceramic composition contains 45.00 to 49.70 parts by mole Fe in terms of Fe.sub.2O.sub.3, 2.00 to 8.00 parts by mole Cu in terms of CuO, 19.40 to 45.40 parts by mole Ni in terms of NiO, and 1.00 to 27.00 parts by mole Zn in terms of ZnO. When Fe, Cu, Ni, and Zn are converted to Fe.sub.2O.sub.3, CuO, NiO, and ZnO, respectively, and when a total amount of Fe.sub.2O.sub.3, CuO, NiO, and ZnO is 100 parts by weight, the ceramic composition contains 5 to 100 ppm Co in terms of CoO and 10 to 400 ppm Cr in terms of Cr.sub.2O.sub.3.

A ceramic composition contains Fe, Cu, Ni, Zn, Co, and Cr. When Fe, Cu, Ni, and Zn are converted to Fe.sub.2O.sub.3, CuO, NiO, and ZnO, respectively, and a total amount of Fe.sub.2O.sub.3, CuO, NiO, and ZnO is 100 parts by mole, the ceramic composition contains from 48.20 to 49.85 parts by mole Fe in terms of Fe.sub.2O.sub.3, from 2.00 parts to 8.00 parts by mole Cu in terms of CuO, from 11.90 to 18.70 parts by mole Ni in terms of NiO, and from 27.00 to 33.50 parts by mole Zn in terms of ZnO. When Fe, Cu, Ni, and Zn are converted to Fe.sub.2O.sub.3, CuO, NiO, and ZnO, respectively, and a total amount of Fe.sub.2O.sub.3, CuO, NiO, and ZnO is 100 parts by weight, the ceramic composition contains from 5 to 100 ppm Co in terms of CoO and from 10 to 400 ppm in terms of Cr.sub.2O.sub.3.

The present invention provides an antimicrobial ceramic tile and manufacturing method thereof. A manufacturing method of an antimicrobial ceramic tile comprises: grinding soils into slurries; drying the slurries into powders by hot air; pressing the powders into a green body through a molding machine; dotting or spraying or showering a glaze slurry on the surface of the green body to form an engobe; dotting the glaze slurry on the engobe to form a ground glaze; mixing a surface glaze and an antimicrobial material into an antimicrobial glaze in a weight ratio of 100:5˜10; grinding water and the antimicrobial glaze into the antimicrobial glaze in a weight ratio of 5˜6:4˜5; and dotting antimicrobial glaze on the ground glaze; finally, rapidly firing the ceramic tile and the antimicrobial glaze into an antimicrobial ceramic tile.

A hard lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramic has an ABO.sub.3 structure with A sites and B sites. The PZT ceramic is doped with Mn and with Nb on the B sites and the ratio Nb/Mn is <2. A piezoelectric multilayer component having such a PZT ceramic and also a method for producing a piezoelectric multilayer component are also disclosed.