Embodiments of synthetic garnet materials having advantageous properties, especially for below resonance frequency applications, are disclosed herein. In particular, embodiments of the synthetic garnet materials can have high Curie temperatures and dielectric constants while maintaining low magnetization. These materials can be incorporated into isolators and circulators, such as for use in telecommunication base stations.

The present invention provides a zirconia pre-sintered body that develops the preferable shade with a short firing time. The present invention relates to a zirconia pre-sintered body comprising zirconia that comprises predominantly monoclinic, and a stabilizer capable of inhibiting a phase transformation of zirconia, the zirconia pre-sintered body satisfying the following conditions: L1, a1, b1, L2, a2, and b2 are confined within predetermined ranges, L1>L2, a1<a2, and b1<b2,
where (L1,a1,b1) represent values of (L*,a*,b*) of the L*a*b* color system after sintering as measured at a first point falling within an interval of a length from one end of the zirconia pre-sintered body to 25% of the entire length of a straight line extending along a first direction from one end to the other end of the zirconia pre-sintered body, and (L2,a2,b2) represent values of (L*,a*,b*) after sintering as measured at a second point falling within an interval of a length from the other end of the zirconia pre-sintered body to 25% of the entire length of the straight line, and the values of (L*,a*,b*) after sintering show unchanging patterns of increase and decrease in a direction from the first point to the second point.

In an embodiment a ceramic material includes ZnO as main constituent, Y as a first additive, second additives including at least one compound containing a metal element, wherein the metal element is selected from the group consisting of Bi, Cr, Co, Mn, Ni and Sb, Si.sup.4+ as a first dopant and second dopants having at least one compound containing a metal cation from Al.sup.3+, B.sup.3+, or Ba.sup.2+, wherein a corresponds to a molar proportion of Bi calculated as Bi.sub.2O.sub.3, b corresponds to a molar proportion of Y calculated as Y.sub.2O.sub.3, c corresponds to a molar proportion of Al calculated as Al.sub.2O.sub.3, d corresponds to a molar proportion of Ba calculated as BaO, e corresponds to a molar proportion of B calculated as B.sub.2O.sub.3, f corresponds to a molar proportion of Si calculated as SiO.sub.2, g corresponds to a molar proportion of Ni calculated as NiO, h corresponds to a molar proportion of Co calculated as Co.sub.3O.sub.4, i corresponds to a molar proportion of Cr calculated as Cr.sub.2O.sub.3, j corresponds to a molar proportion of Sb calculated as Sb.sub.2O.sub.3, and k corresponds to a molar proportion of Mn calculated as Mn.sub.3O.sub.4.

A thermoelectric cloak including an inner region and an external medium. The inner region has a cloaking effect and is simultaneously invisible from both heat and electric charge fluxes; and heat, electric currents, and gradients in the external medium are unaltered by the cloaking effect of the inner region.

Set forth herein are garnet material compositions, e.g., lithium-stuffed garnets and lithium-stuffed garnets doped with alumina, which are suitable for use as electrolytes and catholytes in solid state battery applications. Also set forth herein are lithium-stuffed garnet thin films having fine grains therein. Disclosed herein are novel and inventive methods of making and using lithium-stuffed garnets as catholytes, electrolytes and/or anolytes for all solid state lithium rechargeable batteries. Also disclosed herein are novel electrochemical devices which incorporate these garnet catholytes, electrolytes and/or anolytes. Also set forth herein are methods for preparing novel structures, including dense thin (<50 um) free standing membranes of an ionically conducting material for use as a catholyte, electrolyte, and, or, anolyte, in an electrochemical device, a battery component (positive or negative electrode materials), or a complete solid state electrochemical energy storage device. Also, the methods set forth herein disclose novel sintering techniques, e.g., for heating and/or field assisted (FAST) sintering, for solid state energy storage devices and the components thereof.

Disclosed is a thermoelectric composite material includes a thermoelectric material including crystal grains; and a MXene inserted at boundaries of the crystal grains consisting of the thermoelectric material. Accordingly, the thermoelectric composite material may have a reduced thermal conductivity and an increased electrical conductivity. Furthermore, mechanical properties of the thermoelectric composite material may be improved. Thus, the thermoelectric composite material may improve the thermoelectric ability of a thermoelectric module including the same. A method of manufacturing the thermoelectric composite material includes coating MXene on a surface of a thermoelectric material powder including crystal grains; and sintering the thermoelectric material powder coated with the MXene to form a sintered body including the MXene inserted at boundaries of the crystal grains consisting of the thermoelectric material.

A chromaticity of zinc oxide is measured. The durability of a zinc oxide varistor is evaluated based on the chromaticity. This provides a varistor with a high durability stably.

Set forth herein are garnet material compositions, e.g., lithium-stuffed garnets and lithium-stuffed garnets doped with alumina, which are suitable for use as electrolytes and catholytes in solid state battery applications. Also set forth herein are lithium-stuffed garnet thin films having fine grains therein. Disclosed herein are novel and inventive methods of making and using lithium-stuffed garnets as catholytes, electrolytes and/or anolytes for all solid state lithium rechargeable batteries. Also disclosed herein are novel electrochemical devices which incorporate these garnet catholytes, electrolytes and/or anolytes. Also set forth herein are methods for preparing novel structures, including dense thin (<50 um) free standing membranes of an ionically conducting material for use as a catholyte, electrolyte, and, or, anolyte, in an electrochemical device, a battery component (positive or negative electrode materials), or a complete solid state electrochemical energy storage device. Also, the methods set forth herein disclose novel sintering techniques, e.g., for heating and/or field assisted (FAST) sintering, for solid state energy storage devices and the components thereof.

Method for the preparation, by means of a heating technique, of a composite material composed of a matrix of at least a first oxide of at least one metal and/or at least one metalloid reinforced by reinforcements in at least a second oxide of at least one metal and/or at least one metalloid, characterised in that the following successive steps are carried out: the reinforcements are placed in at least one liquid precursor of the first oxide of at least one metal and/or at least one metalloid; said reinforcements and the liquid precursor are heated so as to form the first oxide by means of the thermal decomposition of said liquid precursor, and to deposit the first oxide thus formed around the reinforcements and between the reinforcements thus forming the matrix.

An oxide electrolyte sintered body with high lithium ion conductivity and a method for producing the same, which can obtain the oxide electrolyte sintered body with high lithium ion conductivity by sintering at lower temperature than ever before. The method for producing an oxide electrolyte sintered body may comprise the steps of: preparing crystal particles of a garnet-type ion-conducting oxide which comprises Li, H, at least one kind of element L selected from the group consisting of an alkaline-earth metal and a lanthanoid element, and at least one kind of element M selected from the group consisting of a transition element that can be 6-coordinated with oxygen and typical elements belonging to the Groups 12 to 15, and which is represented by a general formula (Li.sub.x3yz,E.sub.y,H.sub.z)L.sub.M.sub.O.sub. (where E is at least one kind of element selected from the group consisting of Al, Ga, Fe and Si, 3x3yz7, 0y<0.22, 0<z2.8, 2.53.5, 1.52.5, and 1113); preparing a lithium-containing flux; and sintering a mixture of the crystal particles of the garnet-type ion-conducting oxide and the flux by heating at 400 C. or more and 650 C. or less.