Provided are a dielectric material including a composite represented by Formula 1, a device including the same, and a method of preparing the dielectric material:
xAB.sub.3.(1−x)(Bi.sub.aNa.sub.b)TiO.sub.3  [Formula 1] wherein, in Formula 1, A is at least one element selected from among lanthanum group elements, rare earth metal elements, and alkaline earth metal elements, B is at least one element selected from transition metal elements, 0.1<x<0.5, 0<a<1, 0<b<1, and a+b=1.

Set forth herein are garnet material compositions, e.g., lithium-stuffed garnets and lithium-stuffed garnets doped with alumina, which are suitable for use as electrolytes and catholytes in solid state battery applications. Also set forth herein are lithium-stuffed garnet thin films having fine grains therein. Disclosed herein are novel and inventive methods of making and using lithium-stuffed garnets as catholytes, electrolytes and/or anolytes for all solid state lithium rechargeable batteries. Also disclosed herein are novel electrochemical devices which incorporate these garnet catholytes, electrolytes and/or anolytes. Also set forth herein are methods for preparing novel structures, including dense thin (<50 um) free standing membranes of an ionically conducting material for use as a catholyte, electrolyte, and, or, anolyte, in an electrochemical device, a battery component (positive or negative electrode materials), or a complete solid state electrochemical energy storage device. Also, the methods set forth herein disclose novel sintering techniques, e.g., for heating and/or field assisted (FAST) sintering, for solid state energy storage devices and the components thereof.

A magnesium-based thermoelectric conversion material made of a sintered compact of a magnesium compound, in which, in a cross section of the sintered compact, a Si-rich metallic phase having a higher Si concentration than in magnesium compound grains is unevenly distributed in a crystal grain boundary between the magnesium compound grains, an area ratio of the Si-rich metallic phase is in a range of 2.5% or more and 10% or less, and a number density of the Si-rich metallic phase having an area of 1 μm.sup.2 or more is in a range of 1,800/mm.sup.2 or more and 14,000/mm.sup.2 or less.

An electrolyte according to the present disclosure contains a lithium composite metal oxide represented by the following compositional formula.
Li.sub.7-xLa.sub.3(Zr.sub.2-xA.sub.x)O.sub.12-yF.sub.y
In the formula, 0.1≤x≤1.0, 0.0<y≤1.0, and A represents two or more types of Ta, Nb, and Sb.

Set forth herein are garnet material compositions, e.g., lithium-stuffed garnets and lithium-stuffed garnets doped with alumina, which are suitable for use as electrolytes and catholytes in solid state battery applications. Also set forth herein are lithium-stuffed garnet thin films having fine grains therein. Disclosed herein are novel and inventive methods of making and using lithium-stuffed garnets as catholytes, electrolytes and/or anolytes for all solid state lithium rechargeable batteries. Also disclosed herein are novel electrochemical devices which incorporate these garnet catholytes, electrolytes and/or anolytes. Also set forth herein are methods for preparing novel structures, including dense thin (<50 um) free standing membranes of an ionically conducting material for use as a catholyte, electrolyte, and, or, anolyte, in an electrochemical device, a battery component (positive or negative electrode materials), or a complete solid state electrochemical energy storage device. Also, the methods set forth herein disclose novel sintering techniques, e.g., for heating and/or field assisted (FAST) sintering, for solid state energy storage devices and the components thereof.

A negative thermal expansion material made of zirconium phosphate tungstate containing an Al atom, and having a thermal expansion coefficient of −2.0×10.sup.−6 to −3.3×10.sup.−6/K. According to the present invention, a negative thermal expansion material made of zirconium phosphate tungstate having various thermal expansion coefficients, and an industrially advantageous manufacturing method thereof can be provided.

Embodiments disclosed herein include potassium sodium niobate (KNN) films and methods of making such films. In an embodiment, a method of forming a potassium sodium niobate (KNN) film comprises preparing a solution comprising water, potassium hexaniobate salts, and sodium hexaniobate salts. In an embodiment, the solution is spin coated onto a substrate to form a film on at least a portion of a surface of the substrate. In an embodiment, the method may further comprise heat treating the film.

A solid ion conductor, a solid electrolyte and an electrochemical device including the solid ion conductor, and a method of preparing the solid ion conductor are disclosed. The solid ion conductor may include a compound represented by Formula 1:

Li.sub.aM.sub.bM′.sub.cZr.sub.dX.sub.e   Formula 1

wherein, M is one or more metals of Na, K, Cs, Cu, or Ag, and having an oxidation state of +1, M′ is one or more lanthanide metals having an oxidation state of +3 and a crystal ionic radius of about 104 picometers to about 109 picometers, X is one or more halogen elements, 1<a<3.5, 0≤b<1, 0<c<1.5, 0<d<1.5, and 0<e<7.

Provided are a dielectric material including a composite represented by Formula 1, a device including the same, and a method of preparing the dielectric material:

xAB.sub.3.(1−x)(Bi.sub.aNa.sub.b)TiO.sub.3   [Formula 1] wherein, in Formula 1, A is at least one element selected from among lanthanum group elements, rare earth metal elements, and alkaline earth metal elements, B is at least one element selected from transition metal elements, 0.1<x<0.5, 0<a<1, 0<b<1, and a+b=1.

Set forth herein are garnet material compositions, e.g., lithium-stuffed garnets and lithium-stuffed garnets doped with alumina, which are suitable for use as electrolytes and catholytes in solid state battery applications. Also set forth herein are lithium-stuffed garnet thin films having fine grains therein. Disclosed herein are novel and inventive methods of making and using lithium-stuffed garnets as catholytes, electrolytes and/or anolytes for all solid state lithium rechargeable batteries. Also disclosed herein are novel electrochemical devices which incorporate these garnet catholytes, electrolytes and/or anolytes. Also set forth herein are methods for preparing novel structures, including dense thin (<50 um) free standing membranes of an ionically conducting material for use as a catholyte, electrolyte, and, or, anolyte, in an electrochemical device, a battery component (positive or negative electrode materials), or a complete solid state electrochemical energy storage device. Also, the methods set forth herein disclose novel sintering techniques, e.g., for heating and/or field assisted (FAST) sintering, for solid state energy storage devices and the components thereof.