Disclosed is a moderator for moderating neutrons, including a substrate and a surface treatment layer or a dry inert gas layer or a vacuum layer coated on the surface of the substrate, wherein the substrate is prepared from a moderating material by a powder sintering device through a powder sintering process from powders or by compacting powders into a block, and the moderating material includes 40% to 100% by weight of aluminum fluoride; wherein the surface treatment layer is a hydrophobic material; and the surface treatment layer or the dry inert gas layer or the vacuum layer is used for isolating the substrate from the water in the environment in which the substrate is placed. The surface treated moderator can avoid the hygroscopic or deliquescence of the moderating material during use, improve the quality of the neutron source and prolong the service life.

A superconducting composition of matter including overlapping first and second regions. The regions comprise unit cells of a solid, the first region comprises an electrical insulator or semiconductor, and the second region comprises a metallic electrical conductor. The second region extends through the solid and a subset of said second region comprise surface metal unit cells that are adjacent to at least one unit cell from the first region. The ratio of the number of said surface metal unit cells to the total number of unit cells in the second region being at least 20 percent.

A method for producing a piezoelectric single crystal ingot shows small variation in the concentration of PbTiO.sub.3 in the growth direction of single crystal. A complete solid solution-type piezoelectric single crystal ingot is produced by using the Bridgman method, including: filling a starting material, wherein a relaxor having a compositional formula Pb(B.sub.1, B.sub.2)O.sub.3 is blended with lead titanate having a composition PbTiO.sub.3 to give a preset composition, into a crucible for growth; heating to the melting temperature to give a melted liquid layer; then moving the crucible for growth toward the low temperature side; and thus starting one-direction solidification from the lower part of the crucible to thereby produce a single crystal. During solidification, the feedstock containing the relaxor and lead titanate having a maximum grain size ≤3 mm is continuously supplied into the crucible.

The present invention includes a method of making a slotted waveguide antenna structure with a matched ground plane comprising: forming in a photosensitive glass substrate a coaxial-to-coplanar waveguide (CPW) section connected to a power divider, an emission cavity area for the slotted antenna and one or more vias; depositing a metal ground plane to a first surface of the photosensitive glass substrate; depositing a copper layer on the photosensitive glass substrate with a pattern of slots that form a slot antenna above the emission cavity; forming one or more glass pillars in the emission cavity under the slot antenna; etching away the photosensitive glass in the emission cavity while retaining the one or more glass pillars; connecting a micro coaxial connector to the coaxial-to-coplanar waveguide (CPW) section; and one or more solder bumps at the vias that connect to the ground plane, to form a slotted antenna.

Provided are a transparent fluorescent sialon ceramic having fluorescence and optical transparency; and a method of producing the same. Such a transparent fluorescent sialon ceramic includes a sialon phosphor which contains a matrix formed of a silicon nitride compound represented by the formula M.sub.x(Si,Al).sub.y(N,O).sub.z (here, M represents at least one selected from the group consisting of Li, alkaline earth metals, and rare earth metals, 0≤x/z<3, and 0<y/z<1) and a luminescent center element.

The present invention includes a method of making a slotted waveguide antenna structure with a matched ground plane comprising: forming in a photosensitive glass substrate a coaxial-to-coplanar waveguide (CPW) section connected to a power divider, an emission cavity area for the slotted antenna and one or more vias; depositing a metal ground plane to a first surface of the photosensitive glass substrate; depositing a copper layer on the photosensitive glass substrate with a pattern of slots that form a slot antenna above the emission cavity; forming one or more glass pillars in the emission cavity under the slot antenna; etching away the photosensitive glass in the emission cavity while retaining the one or more glass pillars; connecting a micro coaxial connector to the coaxial-to-coplanar waveguide (CPW) section; and one or more solder bumps at the vias that connect to the ground plane, to form a slotted antenna.

To achieve local melting of an inorganic material powder containing an inorganic material as a main component in an additive manufacturing technology, to thereby achieve high shaping accuracy. Provided is an inorganic material powder to be used in an additive manufacturing method involving performing shaping through irradiation with laser light, the inorganic material powder including: a base material that is an inorganic material; and an absorber, wherein the absorber has a higher light-absorbing ability than the base material for light having a wavelength included in the laser light, and contains any one of Ti.sub.2O.sub.3, TiO, SiO, ZnO, antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO), and indium-doped tin oxide (ITO), or contains any one of a transition metal carbide, a transition metal nitride, Si.sub.3N.sub.4, AlN, a boride, and a silicide.

This invention relates to a method to manufacture a chip to detect the direct conversion of X-rays. It also relates to a direct conversion detector for X-rays using such a chip and dental radiology equipment using at least one such detector. The method to manufacture the wafer comprises a step for applying pressure (3, 4, 4 a) to a powdered polycrystalline semiconductor material and a step for heating (5-9) during a set time period. It comprises a preliminary step for providing an impurity level of at least 0.2% in the polycrystalline semiconductor material.

Disclosed is a moderator for moderating neutrons, including a substrate and a surface treatment layer or a dry inert gas layer or a vacuum layer coated on the surface of the substrate, wherein the substrate is prepared from a moderating material by a powder sintering device through a powder sintering process from powders or by compacting powders into a block, and the moderating material includes 40% to 100% by weight of aluminum fluoride; wherein the surface treatment layer is a hydrophobic material; and the surface treatment layer or the dry inert gas layer or the vacuum layer is used for isolating the substrate from the water in the environment in which the substrate is placed. The surface treated moderator can avoid the hygroscopic or deliquescence of the moderating material during use, improve the quality of the neutron source and prolong the service life.

In an aspect, a ferrite composition comprises a RuCo.sub.2Z ferrite having the formula: (Ba.sub.3-xM.sub.x)Co.sub.2(MRu).sub.yFe.sub.24-2y-zO.sub.41, wherein M is at least one of Sr, Pb, or Ca; M is at least one of Co, Zn, Mg, or Cu; x is 1 to 3; y is greater than 0 to 2; and z is 4 to 4. In another aspect, an article comprises the ferrite composition. In yet another aspect, method of making the ferrite composition comprises mixing ferrite precursor compounds comprising Fe, Ba, Co, and Ru; and sintering the ferrite precursor compounds in an oxygen atmosphere to form the RuCo.sub.2Z ferrite.