PCBN material consisting of cBN grains dispersed in a matrix, the content of the cBN grains being in the range of about 35 to about 70 volume % of the PCBN material. The matrix comprises at least one kind of chemical compound that includes aluminum (Al) and at least one kind of chemical compound that includes titanium (Ti). The size distribution of the cBN grains exposed at a surface of the PCBN material is such that at least about 50% percent of the total equivalent circle area (ECA) arises from cBN intercept lengths up to 5 microns. At least about 20 percent of the total ECA arises from cBN intercept lengths greater than about 5 microns.

A cBN sintered material cutting tool is provided. The cBN cutting tool includes a cutting tool body, which is a sintered material including cBN grains and a binder phase, wherein the sintered material comprises: the cubic boron nitride grains in a range of 40 volume % or more and less than 60 volume %; and Al in a range from a lower limit of 2 mass % to an upper limit Y, satisfying a relationship, Y=0.1X+10, Y and X being an Al content in mass % and a content of the cubic boron nitride grains in volume %, respectively, the binder phase comprises: at least a Ti compound; Al.sub.2O.sub.3; and inevitable impurities, the Al.sub.2O.sub.3 includes fine Al.sub.2O.sub.3 grains with a diameter of 10 nm to 100 nm dispersedly formed in the binder phase, and there are 30 or more of the fine Al.sub.2O.sub.3 grains generated in an area of 1 m1 m in a cross section of the binder phase.

Titanium dioxide is used as an emissivity enhancer in high emissivity coating compositions. The titanium dioxide increases the emissivity of the high emissivity coating compositions. In certain embodiments, titanium dioxide is recovered from industrial waste sources such as catalyst containing waste streams from olefin polymerization processes or re-based sources. Titanium dioxide emissivity enhancers recovered from industrial waste solution sources contribute favorably to the cost of manufacturing high emissivity coating compositions containing such enhancers.

A method for manufacturing a diboride powder MB.sub.2 by dry route where M is a chemical element belonging to group 4 of the periodic table, from the reduction of an oxide MO.sub.2 of the element M according to the balance reaction MO.sub.2+B.sub.2O.sub.3+yR+xA.sub.2O.fwdarw.MB.sub.2+A.sub.2xR.sub.YO.sub.5+x, wherein R is a reducing element selected from Al, Si, Ti, Zr, Hf, Y, Sc, and the lanthanides and A.sub.2O is an oxide of alkali element A.

A method of treating a carbon-carbon structure is provided. The method includes the step of infiltrating the carbon-carbon structure with a ceramic preparation comprising an oxide compound and at least one of a boron compound or an oxide-boron compound to obtain a uniform distribution of the ceramic preparation within a porosity of the carbon-carbon structure. The carbon-carbon structure may be densified by chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) and heat treated to form borides. Heat treating the carbon-carbon may comprise a temperature ranging from 1000 C. to 1900 C.

Systems and methods for forming an oxidation protection system on a composite structure are provided. In various embodiments, the oxidation protection system comprises a boron-glass layer formed on the composite substrate and a silicon-glass layer formed over the boron-glass layer. Each of the boron-glass layer and the silicon-glass layer includes a glass former.

To achieve local melting of an inorganic material powder containing an inorganic material as a main component in an additive manufacturing technology, to thereby achieve high shaping accuracy. Provided is an inorganic material powder to be used in an additive manufacturing method involving performing shaping through irradiation with laser light, the inorganic material powder including: a base material that is an inorganic material; and an absorber, wherein the absorber has a higher light-absorbing ability than the base material for light having a wavelength included in the laser light, and contains any one of Ti.sub.2O.sub.3, TiO, SiO, ZnO, antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO), and indium-doped tin oxide (ITO), or contains any one of a transition metal carbide, a transition metal nitride, Si.sub.3N.sub.4, AlN, a boride, and a silicide.

An embodiment relates to a material comprising a ceramic formed from an amorphous metal alloy (amorphous metal ceramic composite), wherein the composite exhibits a higher corrosion resistance than that of Haynes 230 when exposed to molten chlorides such as KCl or MgCl.sub.2 or combinations thereof at temperatures up to 750 C. Yet, another embodiment relates to a method comprising obtaining a substrate, forming a coating of an amorphous metal alloy, heating the coating, and transforming at least a portion the amorphous metal alloy into an amorphous metal ceramic composite.

A cBN sinter comprising cubic boron nitride grains and a binder phase, the binder phase comprising Ti.sub.2CN and Co.sub.2B, wherein the ratio I.sub.Ti2CN/I.sub.Co2B of a peak intensity I.sub.Ti2CN assigned to Ti.sub.2CN appearing at 2=41.9 to 42.2 to a peak intensity I.sub.TiAl3 assigned to Co.sub.2B appearing at 2=45.7 to 45.9 is in a range of 0.5 and 2.0 in an XRD measurement.

(i) a step of disposing a powder that includes an absorber absorbing light of a wavelength included in a laser beam to be irradiated and silicon dioxide as a main component; (ii) a step of sintering or melting and solidifying the powder by irradiating the powder with a laser beam; and (iii) a step of heat-treating a shaped object formed by repeating the steps (i) and (ii) at 1470 C. or more and less than 1730 C.