A method of producing a graphite-containing refractory within which carbon fiber bundles are placed, the graphite constituting 1% to 80% by mass, the method including a bundling step of bundling carbon fibers to form the carbon fiber bundles; a mixing step of mixing a refractory raw material with graphite to prepare a graphite-containing refractory raw material; a pressing step of pressing the graphite-containing refractory raw material in which the carbon fiber bundles are placed to prepare a formed product; and a drying step of drying the pressed product, wherein the bundling step includes bundling 1000 to 300000 of the carbon fibers with a fiber diameter of 1 to 45 μm/fiber to form carbon fiber bundles 100 mm or more in length.

A member for optical glass production apparatus is a member exposed to a gas containing a halogen element in a high temperature environment; the member includes a first member (4) directly or indirectly supporting an optical glass (10) and a second member (5) supporting the first member (4).

The present invention relates to a glass including, represented by mole percent based on oxides: from 52% to 80% of SiO.sub.2; from 5% to 30% of B.sub.2O.sub.3; from 2% to 30% of Al.sub.2O.sub.3; from 0.1% to 11% of P.sub.2O.sub.5; and from 0.0001% to 5% of Na.sub.2O, in which the glass has an average thermal expansion coefficient α at from 50° C. to 350° C. of from 5×10.sup.−7/° C. or more and 33×10.sup.−7/° C. or less.

Provided is a C/C composite having a long life in an environment including a heating process and a cooling process and having less adverse effects on surrounding facilities and the quality of treatment objects. A C/C composite in which, in measurement for open pores by mercury porosimetry, an open porosity for open pores with a radius of not less than 0.4 μm and less than 10 μm in the C/C composite is 2.0% or less.

A reaction-bonded silicon carbide (SiC) body is produced by: providing a preform including ceramic elements and carbon, and one or more surface features; providing a powder which includes diamond particles and carbon; locating the powder in the surface feature(s); and infiltrating the preform and the powder with molten silicon (Si) to form reaction-bonded SiC in the preform, and to form reaction-bonded SiC coatings on the diamond particles. The present disclosure also relates to a device/component which includes: a main body portion and discrete elements located at least partially within the main body portion. The main body portion may include reaction-bonded SiC and Si, but not diamond, while the discrete elements include diamond particles, reaction-bonded SiC coatings surrounding the diamond particles, and Si. According to the present disclosure, diamond may be advantageously located only where it is needed.

A method for forming an oxidation protection system on a composite structure may comprise: applying a ceramic layer slurry to the composite structure, wherein the ceramic layer slurry comprises aluminum and silicon in a solvent or carrier fluid; and heating the composite structure in an environment comprising nitrogen gas and oxygen gas to form a ceramic layer on the composite structure, wherein the ceramic layer comprises aluminum nitride and alumina.

Composites of silicon and various porous scaffold materials, such as carbon material comprising micro-, meso- and/or macropores, and methods for manufacturing the same are provided. The compositions find utility in various applications, including electrical energy storage electrodes and devices comprising the same.

A thermoelectric conversion material formed of a sintered body containing magnesium silicide as a main component contains 0.5 mass % or more and 10 mass % or less of aluminum oxide. The aluminum oxide is distributed at a crystal grain boundary of the magnesium silicide.

A carbon-metal/alloy composite material includes a composition represented by (1-a)Sn.sub.1-xM.sup.1.sub.x+aM.sup.2+cC, wherein: M.sup.1 includes one or more transition metals, metals, or metalloids; M.sup.2 includes one or more transition metals, metals, or metalloids; x is 0≦x≦1; a is 0≦a≦1; and c is 0<c≦99. A method of forming the carbon-metal/alloy composite material includes the steps of dissolving one or more precursor materials in a solvent to form a solution; adding an organic carbon forming precursor to the solution to form a mixture; heating the mixture in an autoclave reactor for a prescribed period of time; separating solids formed from the mixture after the heating; washing the separated solids with a washing solvent; and heating the washed solids under a non-oxidizing atmosphere to form the carbon-metal/alloy composite material.

Aspects of the present disclosure relate to a piezoelectric device having at least one piezoelectric element, which has a support plane oriented to a force introduction element, wherein in the event of a thermal loading of the piezoelectric device in the support plane, expansion differences between the piezoelectric element and the force introduction element occur. To compensate for shear loadings, at least one transition element is arranged between the piezoelectric element and the force introduction element, the E-module of which is smaller than the E-module of the piezoelectric element in the support plane.