Disclosed is a method for producing a metal or ceramic component having regions of differing porosities. The method includes subjecting powder or a presintered precursor to a pressure-assisted pressing and sintering step, using at least one punch for the pressing step. The at least one punch has a contact surface that is intended for making contact with the powder or the presintered precursor and that has a flat outer region and an inner region having a concave recess. After the sintering step, a component is obtained that has a flat outer compacted region having a first porosity and an inner porous region having a second porosity. The component has, on at least one side, a defined transition region between the outer region and the inner region.

Fused tuckstone defining lower and upper surfaces. The lower surface includes a support surface to rest on metallic structure of a glass furnace, a tank surface intended to face an upper edge of a tank of the furnace, and a lower transition surface connecting the support and tank surfaces. The upper surface includes a superstructure surface to receive a side wall of a superstructure of the furnace and an upper transition surface connecting the superstructure and lower surfaces. At least a part of the lower transition surface has a crystal density of more than four times the crystal density at a depth of 4 centimeters below the lower transition surface, a crystal density being evaluated by the number of crystals having a surface area of more than 12 ?m.sup.2 per mm.sup.2 of surface after polishing, the crystal density at the depth being evaluated after cutting of the tuckstone.

A method for constructing a plurality of ceramic layers by winding continuous ceramic filaments to prepare RF-transparent structures is provided. Dielectric properties of each layer of the plurality of ceramic layers are characterized by an inter-filament spacing, a filament count and thickness. Once the plurality of ceramic layers are constructed, a structure is removed from a winding surface, wherein the winding surface is a mandrel, infiltrated with a resin in a separate set up and fired.

A method for forming a ceramic according to one embodiment includes electrophoretically depositing a plurality of layers of particles of a non-cubic material. The particles of the deposited non-cubic material are oriented in a common direction.

Provided is a porous plate-shaped filler that can be used as a material for a heat-insulation film having excellent heat insulation performance. In a porous plate-shaped filler 1 having a plate shape, an aspect ratio is 3 or higher, a minimum length is 0.5 to 50 m, and an overall porosity is 20 to 90%, and the porosity is lower in the circumferential part than in the center part. When this porous plate-shaped filler 1 of the present invention is contained in a heat-insulation film, the infiltration of a matrix into the filler is reduced, and thus the thermal conductivity can be lowered. Therefore, even a thin heat-insulation film can have a greater heat-insulation effect than before.

In one embodiment, a method for forming a ceramic, metal, or cermet includes: providing a first solution comprising a first solvent and a first material to a device including an electrophoretic deposition (EPD) chamber; applying a voltage difference across a first electrode and a second electrode of the device; electrophoretically depositing the first material above the first electrode to form a first layer; introducing a second solution including a second solvent and a second material to the EPD chamber; applying a voltage difference across the first electrode and the second electrode; and electrophoretically depositing the second material above the first electrode to form a second layer. The first layer has a first composition, a first microstructure, and a first density, while the second layer has a second composition, a second microstructure, and a second density. At least one of the foregoing features of the first and second layers are different.

Laminated carbon-carbon composites can be used as an ablative material, but they are often prone to delamination under thermally induced interlaminar shear and tension. Graded carbon-carbon composites with a sacrificial or ablative layer that is integral with one or more underlying layers and not fully dense can address these issues and provide other advantages. Such graded carbon-carbon composites can include a densified base layer containing a first portion of a carbonaceous matrix, and an outer ablative layer that is integral with the densified base layer and contains a second portion of the carbonaceous matrix. The carbonaceous matrix in the densified base layer has a first porosity, and the carbonaceous matrix in the outer ablative layer has a second porosity that is higher than that of the densified base layer. Methods for forming graded carbon-carbon composites can include heating a partially densified base layer and a carbonaceous matrix precursor above a carbonization temperature.

Disclosed is a multilayer sintered ceramic body comprising at least one first layer comprising at least one crystalline phase of YAG, wherein the at least one first layer has at least one surface; and at least one second layer comprising alumina and at least one of stabilized zirconia and partially stabilized zirconia, wherein the at least one surface of the at least one first layer comprises pores wherein the pores have a maximum size of from 0.1 to 5 um as measured by SEM, and wherein each of the at least one first layer and the at least one second layer has a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), wherein the CTE of the at least one first layer and the CTE of the at least one second layer differ from 0 to 0.6?10.sup.?6/? C. as measured in accordance with ASTM E228-17. Methods of making are also disclosed.

A shaped composite body of a reaction-bonded, silicon-infiltrated mixed ceramic, the microstructure of which is determined by primary grains of crystalline B.sub.4C grains (1) of mean grain size d50>100 ?m and <500 ?m and a fraction of >10%, by weight, and <50%, by weight, and by primary grains of a finer silicon carbide with d50<70 ?m and a fraction of >10%, by weight, and <50%, by weight, and the primary grains are siliconized (3) bonded by secondarily formed silicon carbide with a fraction of >5%, by weight and <25%, by weight, in a silicon carbide matrix having a free metallic silicon (2) content of >1%, by weight, and <20%, by weight.

Molded devices are made by a molding method comprising use of magnetic fields to place magnetic particles into optimal configurations. The optimal configurations are set in place by the curing of a continuous solid-forming mixture that surrounds the particles. An example system uses urethane monomers to set iron powder mixtures into an inner and outer core of an electromagnetic coil. In addition to attractive forces to concentrate ferromagnetic particles, repulsive forces may be used to concentrate diamagnetic particles of aluminum or copper.