A refractory composition for forming a working lining in a metallurgical vessel contains a coarse-grain refractory particle fraction and a fine-grain refractory particle fraction, or at least 0.25% additive calcium oxide, or at least 0.25% titanium dioxide. The coarse-grain refractory particles can include alumina particles, magnesia particles, magnesium aluminate spinel particles, zirconia particles, or doloma particles, or a combination of any of these particles. The fine-grain refractory particles can be comprised of any low-magnesia refractory oxide. The refractory composition can be applied to a metallurgical vessel by spraying, gunning, shotcreting, vibrating, casting, troweling, or positioning preformed refractory shapes, or a combination of any of these techniques. When contacted by molten metal, the molten metal penetrates into the refractory material, wetting the coarse-grain refractory particles, and forming a refractory-metal composite barrier layer that decreases or blocks oxygen transport through the refractory lining.

A method for manufacturing a zirconia sintered body includes molding a powder composition that has a yttria content of more than 3% by mole and 5.2% by mole or less and that contains a first zirconia powder having a yttria content of 2% by mole or more and 4% by mole or less and a second zirconia powder having a yttria content of more than 4% by mole and 6% by mole or less to obtain a green body, and sintering the green body to obtain a sintered body.

A zirconia powder is provided comprising a yttria source and zirconia, wherein a content of the yttria source is 4.5 mol % or more and 6.5 mol % or less and the remainder is zirconia, a ratio of a total of tetragonal and cubic crystals to an entire crystal phase of zirconia is 90% or less, a BET specific surface area is 7.5 m.sup.2/g or more and 15 m.sup.2/g or less, and an average crystallite size is 325 Å or greater. The powders are useful in producing sintered bodies having the mechanical strength and the translucency desired for use in dental prosthetic materials, and precursors thereof.

A cubic boron nitride (cBN)-based composite including about 30-65 vol. % cBN, about 15-45 vol. % titanium (Ti)-containing binders, about 2-20 vol. % zirconium dioxide (ZrO.sub.2), about 3-15 vol. % cobalt-tungsten-borides (Co.sub.xW.sub.yB.sub.z), and about 2-15 vol. % aluminum oxide (Al.sub.2O.sub.3).

A cubic boron nitride (cBN)-based composite including about 30-65 vol. % cBN, about 3-30 vol. % zirconium (Zr)-containing compounds, about 0-10 vol. % cobalt-tungsten-borides (Co.sub.xW.sub.yB.sub.z), about 2-30 vol. % aluminum oxide (Al.sub.2O.sub.3), about 0.5-10 vol. % tungsten borides, and less than or equal to about 5 vol. % aluminum nitride (AlN).

The cubic boron nitride sintered material is a cubic boron nitride sintered material comprising: cubic boron nitride particles in an amount of 70 vol % or more and less than 100 vol %, and a bonding material, wherein the bonding material includes an aluminum compound, and includes cobalt as a constituent element; the cubic boron nitride sintered material has a first region in which a space between adjacent cubic boron nitride particles is 0.1 nm or more and 10 nm or less; and when the first region is analyzed by using an energy dispersive X-ray analyzer equipped with a transmission electron microscope, the atom % of aluminum in the first region is 0.1 or more.

A solid electrolyte includes partially stabilized zirconia in which a stabilizer forms a solid solution in zirconia. The partially stabilized zirconia includes, as crystal particles that configure the partially stabilized zirconia, stabilizer low-concentration phase particles of which concentration of the stabilizer at a particle center is less than 4.7 mol % and stabilizer high-concentration phase particles of which the concentration of the stabilizer at the particle center is equal to or greater than 4.7 mol %. The partially stabilized zirconia includes an adjacent particle portion in which two or more particles of the stabilizer low-concentration phase particles of which an average particle size is greater than 0.1 μm are adjacent. An abundance ratio of the stabilizer high-concentration phase particles on a cross-section of the solid electrolyte is equal to or greater than 70% in terms of area ratio relative to all crystal particles.

An AlN ceramic substrate of the present invention contains yttrium aluminate, and has a volume resistivity of 3×10.sup.9 Ωcm or more at 550° C.

A refractory lining in a combustion chamber operating in a reducing atmosphere. The lining includes at least one or more Zirconia (Zr)-based refractory lining members comprising one or more Zr-based parts. The Zr-based parts comprise at least 90 wt. %, preferably at least 95 wt. %, of monoclinic ZrO.sub.2 and/or partially stabilized ZrO.sub.2 and/or fully stabilized ZrO.sub.2, wherein the total content of tetragonal and cubic ZrO.sub.2 amounts to at least 20 wt. %, preferably more than 35 wt. %, as well as Zr based refractory lining members and methods for manufacturing the Zr based refractory lining members.

Various shaped abrasive particles are disclosed. Each shaped abrasive particle includes a body having at least one major surface and a side surface extending from the major surface. The side surface can includes a toothed portion. The toothed portion can comprise a plurality of teeth. Each one of the teeth can have the same height.